Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a primary that presents with life-threating symptoms in early infancy and has poor prognosis if not promptly treated. Here we present an analysis of infectious presentation its course depending on clinical immunophenotypic form SCID. This study supported by the Independent Ethics Committee approved Academic Council Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Rese...

Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare inheritance syndrome, characterized by a disseminated infection with mycobacterium in children following BCG vaccination at birth. Regarding the vaccination program in Iran, it may consider as a public health problem. The pathogenesis of MSMD is dependent on either insufficient production of IFN-gamma (γ) or inadequate response...

One reason proposed for the failure of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination to adequately control the spread of tuberculosis is a limited ability of the vaccine to induce effective CD8 T cell responses. However, the relative capacity of the BCG vaccine and virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis to induce activation of CD8 T cells, and the factors that govern the initial pr...

Immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to treat non-muscle invasive bladder cancer has become an effective and superior alternative to chemotherapy. Intravesical treatment with BCG appears to be relatively safe; however, occasionally BCG infection complicates such treatment. In the present work we describe three patients in whom BCG infection occurred after intravesical BCG therapy. ...

BCG Montreal (10-6 viable bacilli) injected intravenously into adult thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted (THXB) C57Bl times C3H F1 hybrid mice induced a progressive systemic infection which killed 95% of the animals within 60 days. Control mice infected with this dose of BCG did not die. The infected THXB mice failed to develop detectable levels of tuberculin hypersensitivi...

Following inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), pathogens enter and grow inside macrophages by taking advantage of their phagocytic mechanisms. Macrophages often fail to eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis, leading to the induction of host macrophage death. Despite accumulating evidence, the molecular mechanisms underlying M. tuberculosis infect...

Abstract Innate immune cells, such as monocytes, can generate a non-specific ‘memory’ response (a.k.a. trained immunity) upon stimulation with an antigen/bacterium (e.g., LPS or BCG), which confers heterologous protection against another infectious agent. However, the association between nature of stimulants and corresponding correlate immunity is not fully understood. Similarly, macrophages “t...

The superior resistance of some strains of mice over others to infection with certain intracellular pathogens, including the vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), is determined by a gene associated with a small segment of chromosome 1 designated by Ity/Lsh/Bcg locus, referred to here as the Bcg locus. DBA/2 mice containing the dominant resistant allele of the Bc...

Live mycobacteria have been reported to signal through both Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of TLR2 in the long-term control of the infection by the attenuated Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, in vivo. We sought to determine whether the reported initial defect of bacterial control (K. A. Heldwein et al., J. Leukoc. Biol. 74:277-286, 2003) res...