In important situations, individual decision-making is systematically biased. When deciding (rather than consuming), extrinsic attributes of choice options are more salient than intrinsic attributes. People overestimate extrinsic attributes and therefore put too much effort into acquiring income and gaining status, lowering their utility level. These mistakes are accentuated in authoritarian sy...

Though modern dialogue systems have improved in processing language, the fluidity and rhythm of back-and-forth dialogue is still lacking. In particular, humans have the ability to predict end of turns accurately and quickly, and they are also comfortable with speaker overlaps in some situations, such as affirmative reinforcement (uh-huh) of the present speaker. In this present paper, we investi...

The purpose of this study was to compare apology strategies used by Iranian EFL learner students and native English speaking students (NSS) in formal and informal situations. The aim was further to investigate gender differentiation among participants. For this purpose, data were elicited from 40 Iranian (16 males and 24 females) and 40 native English speaking students (20 males and 20 females)...

Conceptual models are one of many resources available to pilots for making sense of the flight environment. In this paper we describe the conceptual models a pilot uses, in interviews, to explicate his encounter with a mountain wave while flying an Airbus airplane on the line. In the discourse four models emerge: mountain wave, thrust to control speed, pitch to control speed, and climb-descend ...

This contribution addresses the generation of textual descriptions in several natural languages for evaluation of human behavior in video sequences. The problem is tackled by converting geometrical information extracted from videos of the scenario into predicates in fuzzy logic formalism, which facilitates the internal representations of the conceptual data and allows the temporal analysis of s...

For a long time, researchers have been studying the concept of context in linguistics and related sciences. However, until now does not an unambiguous definition classification. Within framework this study, special type was identified, namely internal cinematographic work, which covers information about time place action, personalities communicants communicative situations within work under con...

In Anglophone public discourse, the word crisis plays a significant role in discussion of critical events and situations across wide range domains. This paper discusses word’s status as keyword mainstream unpacks its semantic contents through natural semantics metalanguage corpus-assisted collocational analysis, explores ideological cultural assumptions underpinning usage. It finds that idea “g...

Submitting to the dualism of the rationalistic tradition of thought and its notions of some (objective) reality and the (subjective) conceptions of it, Barwise/Perry (1983) have presented a new approach to formal semantics which, essentially, can still be considered a mapping of this duality, mediated though by their notion of situation. Within their relational model of meaning , any language e...

the role of media in today´s world is undeniable and no border can be imagined for information transfer. among these, one controversial issue in the media is gender and women. this study examines female subjects in discourse atmosphere of iran´s cinema. it probes their situations and the way of confrontation with them regarding common discourses in two traditional and modernist structures in ir...