Complex environmental problem solving depends on cross-disciplinary collaboration among scientists. Collaborative research must be preceded by an exploratory phase of collective thinking that creates shared conceptual frameworks. Collective thinking, in a cross-disciplinary setting, depends on the facility with which collaborators are able to learn and understand each others’ perspectives. This...

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is currently the most important upland crop of Cambodia, but information on yield variations and causal factors which is important for efficiently targeting efforts to increase production is still lacking. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield variations and causal factors for cassava production in Kampong Cham province in Cambodia. Fort...

During the last decade, the challenges of an ageing society became focus for extensive scientific, public and political discussions. From discussions in scientific fora within each discipline, there is now a shift towards cross-disciplinary scientific approaches. The aim of this article is therefore, to collect and describe different scientific viewpoints in this regard and to point out researc...

  Editorial Challenges abound as to the journals in Persian, which here I will refer to some of them. However, many of these challenges are concerned with all journals. The main problem which most articles suffer is neglecting the three elements of articles' necessity, purpose and benefit by their writers. Sometimes, one, two or all three of these elements are neglected, or little attention ...

BDDs provide an established technique for propositional formula manipulation. In this paper we re-develop the basic BDD theory using standard rewriting techniques. Since a BDD is a DAG instead of a tree we need a notion of shared rewriting and develop appropriate theory. A rewriting system is presented by which canonical ROBDDs can be obtained. For this rewriting system a layerwise strategy is ...

Model-based control has had a tremendous impact in the process industries. If the process changes significantly, the dynamic model may no longer be adequate and thus the model-based control scheme may result in poor performance. However, poor agreement between model predictions and output data does not necessarily imply that model re-identification is required. This paper addresses the importan...

This paper presents a new methodology whereby the cumulative factors associated with the issues that may arise during construction on problematic soils may be addressed. In particular a computer based methodology is presented, which enables various factors of relevance to be considered in a methodical fashion. The new methodology makes use of a Geographical Information System (GIS) as the funda...

human fasciolosis is deemed as an emerging/re-emerging infection, hence making it an important human parasitic disease. in contrast to northern parts of iran, human cases of fasciolosis in southern iran are rare and sporadic. we report a sporadic case of fasciolosis in southern iran (fars province) who presented with prolonged fever. our report could suggest that there might be new foci emergin...

Today one of the most widely accepted paradigms of software engineering is the Top-Down method. Based on the hypothesises that (a) Top-Down is a good way to go and (b) programmers are lazy by their very nature, I show here that with most modern imperative programming languages, we stop the Top-Down process at least one level too early. What languages need is the concept of re nements within pro...

The effect of draining crop fields during the wheat season on the soil CH4 andN2O emissions during the rice season in this article. There were four treatments:traditional cultivation during the wheat season + cultivation without fertilizationduring the rice season (CK1 field), traditional cultivation during the wheat season +traditional cultivation during the rice season (CK2 field), draining t...