Natural gas is the main energy resource for buildings in Argentina. Since 2002, subsidies have kept the prices of this fuel between 9 and 26 times lower than regular prices in other countries. The lowest prices are the result of climate-related subsidies. In cold areas, heating uses several times more energy than locations in Europe with a similar climate. A potential for consumption reductions...

Massachusetts was the first State to implement a premium subsidy program for employer-sponsored health insurance, using both Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) funding. The Insurance Partnership (IP) provides subsidies directly to small employers, and the Premium Assistance Program provides subsidies to their low-income employees. Approximately 3,500 small firms curr...

In wealthy economies, the pharmaceutical IP system works tolerably well, especially when supported by generous government grants (such as the US National Institutes of Health) and tax subsidies (such as R&D tax credits and the Orphan Drug tax credit). In wealthy countries, access issues from IP-induced higher prices are ameliorated by government-subsidized insurance and other social mechanisms....

The reaction of cattle farmers to CAP reforms under price risk depends on the farmers' technical flexibility and on the influence of direct subsidies on income stabilisation. The bovine sector subsidies, according to their rate of decoupling from product, can stabilise the income and modify the farmers' attitude towards market risk. A portfolio mutliperiod model represents a typical cattle farm...

the implementation of economic projects by targeting the subsidies can have a great effect on the costcompetitiveness of the industries and their products. the global steel industry has been considered as a basickey industry in the industrialized countries. it is also among the industries that may be seriously affected by theenforcement of subsidies. this industry, requiring energy and high-tec...

A rebate subsidy of rate s is functionally equivalent to a matching subsidy of rate r s 5 s /(12 s ). Other things equal, an individual should respond identically to the two m r r subsidies. We test the effect on charitable giving of the framing of a subsidy as a rebate or as a match. Subjects make a series of ‘dictator’ allocation decisions, dividing an endowment between themselves and their c...

This paper investigates the effects of reducing subsidies for private health insurance on public sector expenditure for hospital care. An econometric framework using simultaneous equation models is developed to analyse the interrelated decisions on the intensity and type of health care use and private insurance. The framework is applied to the context of the mixed public-private system in Austr...

We investigate whether food price subsidies affect household nutrition using a dramatic expansion of the availability of subsidized rice in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh in the early 2000’s. Households in Chhattisgarh improved their nutritional intake relative to households in districts bordering the state as the availability of subsidized rice expanded. This increase is driven by households...

We reconsider the justifications of R&D subsidies by Spencer and Brander (1983) and others by allowing firms to pool R&D investments and license innovations. In equilibrium R&D joint ventures are formed and licensing occurs in a way that eliminates the strategic benefits of R&D investment in the subsequent oligopoly game. Nevertheless, governments subsidize their domestic firms in order to rais...