This quasi-experimental study was an attempt to examine the effects of two types of corrective feedback, namely recast and metalinguistic feedback on the acquisition of English regular past tenseed by Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 45 female learners of English at a low intermediate level were randomly selected as the participants of this study and were assigned into two experimental groups...

The success of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks in language processing is typically attributed to their ability to capture long-distance statistical regularities. Linguistic regularities are often sensitive to syntactic structure; can such dependencies be captured by LSTMs, which do not have explicit structural representations? We begin addressing this question using number agreeme...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of measuring grammatical diversity with a specifically designed Lexical Diversity Assessment Tool (LDAT). A secondary objective is to use LDAT to determine if the level of difficulty assigned to English as a Second Language (ESL) texts corresponds to increases in grammatical, lexical, and temporal diversity. Other methods of lexical diversit...

Two experiments aimed at investigating how working memory capacity (WMC) related to processing wh-extractions in both a grammatical judgment and a translation task by using the Operation Span task. A self-paced paradigm was used to collect response times and accuracy rates. In Experiment 1, results showed that high WMC was related to faster grammatical judgment of the critical region in subject...

PURPOSE This study investigated the level of grammatical accuracy in typically developing 3-year-olds and the types of errors they produce. METHOD Twenty-two 3-year-olds participated in a picture description task. The percentage of grammatical utterances was computed and error types were analyzed. RESULTS The mean level of grammatical accuracy in typical 3-year-olds was ∼71%, with a wide ra...

Background. Recent research has revealed the importance of psychological skills training and various physiological exercises to improve sporting performance. In light of all these facts, knowing that psychological skills training is necessary to improve sporting performance, and knowing the importance of the psychological performance program to develop these skills and ensure the control and st...