In the concept of process signature, relationship between a material load and modification remaining in workpiece is used to better understand optimize manufacturing processes. The basic prerequisite for this be able measure loads occurring during machining form mechanical deformations. Speckle photography suitable in-process measurement task already variety ways in-plane deformation measuremen...

We present a novel ‘‘spectral subtraction algorithm’’ (SSA) technique to remove speckle noise. It consists of a loworder and a high-order SSA and is based on a three-dimensional image spectroscopy in which the three-dimensional data cube is available and thus the speckle noise introduced by the wave-front error can be efficiently subtracted. For the low-order SSA, speckles up to the second or t...

Background: At present, little research concerning the assessment of left atrial (LA) dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a combined by speckle tracking (STE) and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) is available. The objective this study was to evaluate LA volume function STE RT3DE OSA.

The recently demonstrated control over light distribution through turbid media based on real-time three-dimensional optoacoustic feedback has offered promising prospects to interferometrically focus light within scattering objects. Nevertheless, the focusing capacity of the feedback-based approach is strongly conditioned by the number of optical modes (speckle grains) enclosed in the volume tha...

Holographic speckle is a major impediment to computer-generated holographic (CGH) projections in applications ranging from display, optical tweezers, and machining to optogenetic neural control. We present an iterative phase retrieval algorithm that allows the projection of amplitude-controlled speckle-free one-dimensional patterns with a high degree of pattern uniformity. The algorithm, termed...

The word 'holography' means a drawing that contains all of the information for light-both amplitude and wavefront. However, because of the insufficient bandwidth of current electronics, the direct measurement of the wavefront of light has not yet been achieved. Though reference-field-assisted interferometric methods have been utilized in numerous applications, introducing a reference field rais...