Introduction: Anal fissures are small tears in the lining skin of the anus presenting with typical symptoms of pain and bleeding during defecation. Several new forms of medicines such as glyceryle trinitrate (GTN) ointments and diltiazem, a calcium channel-blocking agent, have been recently used for the treatment of these fissures. Diltiazem relaxes the muscle of anal sphincter and consequently...

BACKGROUND Tachycardia-induced remodeling likely plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance and recurrence after cardioversion, and Ca(2+) overload may be an important mediator. This study was designed to evaluate the relative efficacies of selective T-type (mibefradil) and L-type (diltiazem) Ca(2+)-channel blockers in preventing tachycardia-induced atrial remodeling. MET...

The metabolic extraction of diltiazem was examined in conjunction with its absorption, using rat small intestine perfused in situ by the single-pass method, to clarify its intestinal metabolism. This is a topic of increasing interest which has not been fully clarified, particularly as far as the extent of metabolic extraction and the enzymes involved (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and/or others) are...

OBJECTIVES Arterial graft spasm occasionally causes circulatory collapse immediately following coronary artery bypass graft. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of our developed materials, which were composed of milrinone (phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) or diltiazem (calcium-channel blocker), with nano-scaled fibre made of biodegradable polymer to prevent arterial spasm. METHO...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diltiazem inhibits Ca(V)1.2 channels and is widely used in clinical practice to treat cardiovascular diseases. Binding determinants for diltiazem are located on segments IIIS6, IVS6 and the selectivity filter of the pore forming α₁ subunit of Ca(V)1.2. The aim of the present study was to clarify the location of the diltiazem binding site making use of its membrane-imperme...

BACKGROUND Many medicines, including several cholesterol-lowering agents (eg, lovastatin, simvastatin), antihypertensives (eg, diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil), and antifungals (eg, ketoconazole) are metabolized by and/or inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 metabolic pathway. These types of medicines are commonly coprescribed to treat comorbidities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (...

Inside-out patches were excised from catfish rod or cone outer segments. Single channel and macroscopic currents were recorded from GMP-gated channels activated by 1 mM cGMP in low divalent buffered saline. Currents were blocked by the application of micromolar concentrations of l-cis-diltiazem to the cytoplasmic side of the patch. The concentration dependence of block indicated that a single m...

Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine suppress sinoatrial (SA) nodal function in the excised rabbit heart. Clinically, however, their suppressive effect on the SA node is modified considerably by the reflex increase in sympathetic tone as a result of the fall in blood pressure caused by the vasodilating action of the calcium antagonists. Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine suppress atrioventricul...

Since the calcium antagonists nifedipine and verapamil have been shown to diminish exercise induced asthma, the effect of oral diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker not previously investigated in this context, was studied. Ten patients with bronchial asthma were given 60 mg diltiazem or placebo four hours before the challenge in a double blind, randomised, crossover fashion. Exercise was perform...