Production of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species has been thought to contribute to the long-term depletion of brain dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) produced by amphetamine derivatives, i.e., methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). In the present study, the effects of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors were examined on the long-term depletion of striatal dopamine and...

The claim that succinate and malate can directly stimulate the activity of the alternative oxidase in plant mitochondria (A.M. Wagner, C.W.M. van den Bergen, H. Wincencjusz [1995] Plant Physiol 108: 1035-1042) was reinvestigated using sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) mitochondria. In whole mitochondria, succinate (in the presence of malonate) and both L- and D-malate stimulated respiration via...

In the crystal structure of the title complex, K2[(VO)2(NH2O)4(C3H2O4)2] · 3H2O, the V(V) centre is bound to a chelating malonate ligand, two bidentate hydroxylamido ligands and one oxo ligand, defining a pentagonal bipyramidal coordination (VO5N2). The potassium cations are found to adopt two types of coordination geometry with the malonate ligand, the bidentate hydroxylamido ligand and water ...

In order to improve the production of succinate and malate by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger the activity of the glyoxylate bypass pathway was increased by over-expression of the isocitrate lyase (icl) gene. The hypothesis was that when isocitrate lyase was up-regulated the flux towards glyoxylate would increase, leading to excess formation of malate and succinate compared to the wild...

Chalcones are still challenge substrates in Michael reactions, and only limited success has been achieved. This work describes a highly enantioselective Michael addition of diethyl malonate with chalcones catalyzed by cinchona alkaloids-derivatived bifunctional tertiary amine-thioureas bearing multiple hydrogen-bonding donors.

The enzyme Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) dehydrogenase (aka P5CDH and ALDH4A1) is an aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of γ-glutamate semialdehyde to l-glutamate. The crystal structures of mouse P5CDH complexed with glutarate, succinate, malonate, glyoxylate, and acetate are reported. The structures are used to build a structure-activity relationship that describes the se...

This investigation, preliminary reports on parts of which have previously appeared (1, 2), presents data on the conversion in the intact rat of the labeled carbon of the following compounds to succinate: NaHC*03, CH&*OOH, C*H&*OOH, CH&HOHC*OOH, and C*H&*HOHCOOH. All the animals were injected with malonate to augment the urinary excretion of succinate (3). The latter was isolated from the urine ...

BRAuN-MENENDEZ et al. [1939], working with heart-lung and isolated heart preparations, have shown that pyruvate can be utilized by the mammalian heart. Minced heart muscle, as will be seen later, oxidizes pyruvate at about the same rate as the intact heart, and it was used in the present work for a study of the mechanism of the oxidation of pyruvate. The object of the investigation was to deter...

A homologous series of cationic gas-phase clusters of dicarboxylic acids (oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid) generated via electrospray ionization (ESI) are investigated using collision-induced dissociation (CID). Singly charged cationic clusters with the composition (Na(+))(2n+1)(dicarboxylate(2-))(n), where n = 1-5, are observed as major gas-phase specie...

Rapid synthesis of 4-ethyloctanoic acid by means of microwave irradiation is described. Diethyl malonate reacted with 2-ethyl-1-bromohexane in the presence of sodium ethoxide to give diethyl (2-ethylhexyl)malonate (1b). 1b was saponified in the solution of ethanol and potassium hydroxide and then acidified to form (2-ethylhexyl)propanedioic acid (1c), and 1c was heated and decarboxylized to giv...