Among 102,170 cultured lymphocytes obtained from 9818 individuals from Hiroshima, Japan, aged 9 to 37 years and scored for chromosomal abnormalities, 24 cells that exhibited an extreme degree of damage were encountered. The damage consists of multiple dicentric and even tricentric chromosomes, as well as numerous fragments, many with the appearance of "double minutes." The occurrence of these c...

Accurate digital image analysis of abnormal microscopic structures relies on high quality images and on minimizing the rates of false positive (FP) and negative objects in images. Cytogenetic biodosimetry detects dicentric chromosomes (DCs) that arise from exposure to ionizing radiation, and determines radiation dose received based on DC frequency. Improvements in automated DC recognition incre...

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) develops as the consequence of a series of genetic changes in a hematopoietic precursor cell. Specific cytogenetic abnormalities have been identified by karyotype analysis in AML. One of the rare chromosomal abnormalities is a dicentric chromosome, which is defined as an aberrant chromosome having two centromeres. In the literature, a limited number of cases hav...

A female patient with a structurally abnormal idic(Y) (p11.32) chromosome was studied using fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR to define the precise position of the breakpoint. The patient had a complex mosaic karyotype with eight cell lines and at least two morphologically distinct derivatives from the Y chromosome. The rearrangement was a result of a meiosis I exchange between sister ...

The P genome of Agropyron cristatum Gaertn. contains many desirable genes that can be utilized as genetic resources to improve wheat. In this research, we used both the gametocidal chromosome 2Cc and pairing homologous gene (Ph1b) mutant induce structural aberrations translocations between wheat 4P, 5P, 6P chromosomes. By using two approaches, a total 19 wheat-A. have been identified, in which ...

Purpose Biological and/or physical assays for retrospective dosimetry are valuable tools to recover the exposure situation and aid medical decision making. To further validate improve such biological assays, in 2019, EURADOS Working Group 10 RENEB performed a field exercise Lund, Sweden, simulate various real-life scenarios.Materials methods For dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), blood tubes wer...

A worsening of the accidental hazards linked to the use of ionizing radiation is currently being observed for four reasons. First, the increasing need for radiation sources in numerous industrial applications (food sterilization, construction, engineering...) leads to an increasing probability of loss of the sources or abnormal/unsuitable use and storage. Second, advances in medicine generate n...