We discuss a figured pin from Shahdad, previously well known but published with a partial and unsatisfactory drawing.  More detailed observations and a new, more realistic recording of this important artifact reconsider its stylistic and iconographic links with the imagery of the Halil Rud civilization and the eastern Iranian Plateau in general, and, at its opposite cultural poles, with Mesopot...

To account, in a proper epidemiological way, for the nation’s births and deaths as well as cases of cancer has, until recently, been a hallmark of our Nordic civilization, if we can use such a term. Today, I have an increasing feeling that this is not the case any more. Unfortunately, we have seen examples in our countries that would support such a feeling. The title represents a challenge to t...

The commencement of accounting is dated at the outset of civilizations. Instead, the science age began less than five centuries ago. Numerous discussions concerning the recognition of accounting as one of the academic disciplines emerged in the American literature recently. Therefore, the question whether accounting truly belongs to academic disciplines or not is the current issue. However, the...

In the course of history, different civilizations and cultures have had different codes of ethics for “animal professions”. To understand the current form and content of these codes of ethics, it is necessary to look back and analyse the opinions of different experts from ancient times to the present day. In the history of European civilization, the ethical/deontological views closest to those ...

This article approaches the topic of civilizations and economies through a discussion of two key texts that appeared during the first wave of interest among social scientists for the phenomenon of civilization: ‘Note on the Notion of Civilization’ ([1913] 1998) by Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mauss, and ‘Author’s Introduction’ ([1920a] 1930) by Max Weber. Durkheim and Mauss were of the opinion tha...