The 1983-84 Caribbean-wide mortality of the urchin Diadema antillarum Philippi was followed by a second mortality event in the Florida Keys in 1991. The demise of this once ubiquitous herbivore is one factor contributing to wider Caribbean reef change during the past 25 years. Over an 8-year period from 1999-2007, we examined densities and test sizes of D. antillarum at 786 sites from the north...

abstract comparing with the numerous studies carried out in other countries, information on apoidea superfamily in iran is scare. during a faunistic survey of pollinator bees associated with alfalfa fields in mashhad and chenaran regions in 2010, numerous specimens of apoidea superfamily were collected and identified. among the identified species, anthidium diadema (latreille, 1809) is record f...

This study presents the molecular phylogenetic relationships among Lytorhynchus diadema (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) populations in Saudi Arabia relative to from Africa and Asia. analysis was based on mitochondrial 16S 12S rRNA partial gene fragments using Neighbor-joining, Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian methods. The results strongly support monophyly of two concatenated genes separat...

Coral reefs provide a number of ecosystem services including coastal defense from storms, the generation of building materials, and fisheries. It is increasingly clear that the management of reef resources requires an ecosystem approach in which extractive activities are weighed against the needs of the ecosystem and its functions rather than solely those of the fishery. Here, I use a spatially...

To understand the ability of producing cellulolytic enzyme activity in the sapstaining fungi, four species of Ophiostoma and two species of Leptographium were investigated in the culture media containing each of cellulose substrates such as CM-cellulose, Avicel and D-cellobiose and each of chromogenic dyes such as Congo-Red, Phenol Red, Remazol Brilliant Blue and Tryphan Blue. When the fungi we...