We discuss the theory of cooling electrons in solid-state devices via “evaporative emission.” Our model is based on filtering electron subbands in a quantum-wire device. When incident electrons in a higher-energy subband scatter out of the initial electron distribution, the system equilibrates to a different chemical potential and temperature than those of the incident electron distribution. We...

BACKGROUND Few finite element models (FEM) have been developed to describe the electric field, specific absorption rate (SAR), and the temperature distribution surrounding hepatic radiofrequency ablation probes. To date, a coupled finite element model that accounts for the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity changes has not been developed for ablation type devices. While it is widely ...

An inexpensive modular perfused chamber (MPC) designed for low- and normal-temperature live-cell imaging is presented. The device consists of four lathed pieces of stainless steel assembled as a cylindrical open chamber that can hold either round or square glass coverslips. The chamber is connected to a thermal-bath operating with recirculation. For image acquisition at 4°C, cooled air is blown...

In the single-phase multiferroics, the coupling between electric polarization (P) and magnetization (M) would enable the magnetoelectric (ME) effect, namely M induced and modulated by E, and conversely P by H. Especially, the manipulation of magnetization by an electric field at room-temperature is of great importance in technological applications, such as new information storage technology, fo...

original article   one type of electromagnetic fields, based on frequency range, is extremely low frequency (elf) fields. there are lots of reports about measuring elf-magnetic field (mf) in substations, power plants, cities and etc. this study aimed to compare the difference between measurement of three-axis and single-axis probe mf meters. elf-mf was measured by tes-1394 mf tester (three-axis...

Recently, photonic crystals doped with liquid crystal (LC) material havegained much research interest. In this article new ternary one-dimensional photoniccrystal introduced and studied. The liquid crystal layer of 5CB and 5PCH is sandwichedby two dielectric layers. For the first time, we use four structures SiO2/UCF35/CaF2,SiO2/5CB/CaF2, NFK51/UCF35/NPSK53 and NFK51/5CB/NPSK53. The effect ofte...

A precision CMOS chopping amplifier is adopted in this work to improve a CMOS temperature sensor high sensitive enough for intracranial temperature monitoring. An amplified temperature sensitivity of 18.8 ± 3*0.2 mV/C is attained over the temperature range from 20 C to 80 C from a given 10 samples of the same wafer. The analog frontend design outputs the temperature dependent and the temperatur...

A microfibre device integrating a microfibre knot resonator in a Sagnac loop reflector is proposed for refractive index and temperature sensing. The reflective configuration of this optical structure offers the advantages of simple fabrication and ease of sensing. To achieve a balance between responsiveness and robustness, the entire microfibre structure is embedded in low index Teflon, except ...

We describe a rotating sample holder with two degrees of freedom for galvanomagnetic measurements at low temperatures which allows positioning within 0.5 degrees with a reproducibility of better than 0.5 degrees . The main advantages of our device over other constructions are simple and accurate device adjustment, simple and convenient handling, and simple and quick sample changing.

A system to obtahi the detailed temperature profiles from the ground surface to heights of 1500-2000 ni. has been This economical system employs modified radiosondes and less complex receiving equipment than used A simplified approach for obtaining heights by means of a modified baroswitch The temperature measuring system has performed successfully for two years with reljable developed. at stan...