Introduction: Nowadays,  considerable developments  in  the field  of  radiotherapy have  been  achieved.  They  include  the  advances  made  in  the  equipments  and  treatment  planning  techniques  which  require  highly complex calculations. Such achievements have made it possible to treat cancer patients not only  with  higher  radiation  dose  but  also  with  higher  precision  and  con...

Depth-dose curves for cobalt photon beams were experimentally determined in homogeneous acrylic phantoms and compared to dose distributions calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The measurements of the depth-dose curves were performed with L-alanine minidosimeters, Kodak X-Omat V radiographic films and with cylindrical ionization chambers. The Co source and the phantom and Lalanine minidosimete...

Introduction The use of cut-outs in electron applicators make changes on output, isodose, and percentage depth dose (PDD) curves. These changes and electron beam dose distribution in the form of three-dimensional (3D) can be measured by gel dosimeters. Materials and Methods Dosimetry was performed with and without a square shield (6×6 cm2 field). The energies were 4, 9, and 16 MeV and phantom w...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of lung heterogeneity inside a soft tissue phantom on percentage depth dose (PDD). PDD curves were obtained experimentally using LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) thermoluminescent detectors and applying Eclipse treatment planning system algorithms Batho, modified Batho (M-Batho or BMod), equivalent TAR (E-TAR or EQTAR), and anisotropic analytical alg...

The inverse problem of the depth dose curve is formulated and a proposition for its solution is presented. The solution is based on the approximation of the observation equation with a numerical quadrature operator and the regularization of this inverse problem with a smoothness side constraint. The problem formulation is applicable for both the electron and the photon depth dose curve estimati...

Recent standard dosimetry protocols recommend that plane-parallel ionization chambers be used in the measurements of depth-dose distributions or the calibration of low-energy electron beams with beam quality R50 <4 g/cm2. In electron dosimetry protocols with the plane-parallel chambers, the wall correction factor, Pwall, in water is assumed to be unity and the replacement correction factor, Pre...

BACKGROUND Irradiation of the supraclavicular fossa is commonly used as part of adjuvant breast radiotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may be used to target this region accurately, and there are subgroups of patients that may benefit more from IMRT than others. We identify the benefit of IMRT over fixed-depth dose prescription to the supraclavicular fossa in patients of different...

Background: Radiation-sensitive polymer gels are among the most promising three-dimensional dose verification tools and tissue-like phantom developed to date.Objective: The aim of this study is an investigating of percentage depth dose enhancement within the gel medium with used of conformal distribution gold nanoparticle as contrast agents by high atomic number material.Methods: In this work t...

Purpose: In radiation therapy, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are regarded as a promising radiosensitizer candidate. Several studies have revealed a dose enhancement by GNPs in X-ray and even proton irradiation. However, these studies have been limited to the depth direction. The dose distribution in both depth and lateral directions is crucial to evaluate the full radio sensitizing effect. The purp...