Loss of sensors and communication links may lead to incomplete observation at the supervisory level of discrete event systems (DES). Under these circumstances, an event may conceivably be observable at one state and unobservable at another state and the observability may become dependent on the history of event occurrences. This paper presents a framework for analysis of generalised projection ...

Event correlation plays an important role in today’s network management, reducing large amounts of network events to smaller and more meaningful sets of alarms. Most of the commercially available event correlation tools have a design that is over-complicated for majority of small and medium range applications, all of them are platform dependent, and last but not least, they are expensive for ac...

This article is a brief exposure of the process approach to a newly emerging area called "discrete event systems" in control theory and summarizes some of the recent developments in this area. Discrete event systems is an area of research that is developing within the interstices of computer, control and communication sciences. The basic direction of research addresses issues in the analysis an...

the traditional event tree analysis uses a single probability to represent each top event. however, it is unrealistic to evaluate the occurrence of each event by using a crisp value without considering the inherent uncertainty and imprecision a state has. the fuzzy set theory is universally applied to deal with this kind of phenomena. the main purpose of this study is to construct an easy metho...

Background: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is pivotal in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches and represents a promising target for migraine treatment. The humanized monoclonal antibody galcanezumab (LY2951742) binds to CGRP and may be effective in migraine prophylaxis. Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of single and multiple doses of gal...

OBJECTIVES (i) To evaluate the benefits and adverse effects of a Diabetes Day Care Program (DDCP); and (ii) to compare outcomes in two cohorts diagnosed before and after implementing the DDCP ("pre-DDCP" and "post-DDCP"). DESIGN Outcomes from the pre-DDCP cohort were compared with those of the post-DDCP cohort. SETTING The study was conducted from March 2001 to October 2002 at the Children'...

This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the efficacy and safety of ipragliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in combination with metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio to 50 mg ipragliflozin (n = 112) or placebo (n = 56) once daily for 24 weeks, followed by a 28-week open-label ex...

With the number of individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes on the rise, it has become more important to ensure these patients are effectively treated. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that 8.3% of all Americans were diagnosed with diabetes in 2011 and this number will likely continue to rise. With lifestyle interventions, such as proper diet and exercise, continuing t...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypoglycemia is one of the most important adverse events in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, hypoglycemia-related events are usually overlooked and have been documented less in clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated the incidence, clinical characteristics, and medical expenses of hypoglycemia related events in T2DM patients based on...