Vegetable oil is one of the basic food items which is consumed by almost every human being in this universe. Therefore quality of vegetable oil should be good enough so that it accounts for healthy life. In vegetable oil manufacturing there are four major steps involved which are neutralization, degumming, bleaching and deodorization. Among these steps bleaching is the very important and critic...

Although activated sludge (AS) diffusion is promising for odor control, disagreement still exists on its treatment efficiency of varying odorants, and microbiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the deodorization efficiency, wastewater performance, ecological effects AS in two situ membrane bioreactors (MBRs). removed ≥ 94.7% H2S 100% NH3, while other odorants wer...

An experiment was conducted to investigate whether feeding menhaden oil (MO) to hens affects egg weight, and whether using deodorized MO (DMO) could ameliorate decreased sensory quality of eggs (characteristic for hens fed high fish oil diets). Two-hundred twenty-four Single Comb White Leghorn hens were allocated to seven dietary treatments comprising either no fish oil, DMO, or regular MO (RMO...

Glycidyl fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in some refined edible oils. It is thought that GEs may be broken down by lipase and release glycidol which has been classified as a genotoxic and carcinogenic compound. GEs are formed during deodorization step in the oil refining process. The deodorizing temperature occurs at temperatures of about 200 to 250°C. The cooking temperature is also around 2...

Phenol, p-cresol, and volatile fatty acids (VFA; acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids) were used as odor indicators of swine waste. Aeration of the waste allowed the indigenous microorganisms to grow and degrade these malodorous substances. The time required for degradation of these substances varied according to the waste used, and it was not necessarily relate...

In There are few simulation studies in the literature focusing on production of biodiesel from vegetable oil deodorization distillate (VODD), a waste originating processing stage, using hydrotalcite-hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst. this study, process was performed open interface software DWSIM® Version 6.3. The motivation relied positive performance catalyst during experimental studie...