Background A need for efficient quantification of tumour-infiltrating T and B lymphocytes (TIL) arose in designing a case-control study of breast cancer outcomes. Methods Ten adjacent x 40 digital images of 4μ sections immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 were acquired for each of 16 randomly chosen carcinomas (640 images total). 'Color range' and 'Histogram' tools in Adobe Photoshop 7 wer...

On Wendelstein 7-X, electron density and electron temperature profiles are planned to be measured by Thomson scattering. The specific system employs fiber bundles for the scattered light which is detected by means of a five-channel polychromator system. The detection system is assembled and its components are characterized. A calibration technique employing a super-continuum light source is ass...

This review provides a brief overview of particle size characterization by Ž . Sedimentationr Steric Field-Flow Fractionation SdrSt FFF and discusses the retention in steric FFF, the recent findings on hydrodynamic lift forces, and the density compensation calibration procedure for obtaining size distribution of supramicron-sized particles. A number of applications to the determination of parti...

This paper presents a SAR ADC with a generalized redundant search algorithm offering the flexibility to relax the requirements on the DAC settling time and allowing a digital calibration, based on a code density analysis, to compensate the capacitors mismatching effects. The proposed architecture uses a DAC with only 2 unit capacitors, for N-bit resolution, and a simplified monotonic switching ...

To enable post-processing, the output of a support vector data description (SVDD) should be a calibrated probability as done for SVM. Standard SVDD does not provide such probabilities. To create probabilities, we first generalize the SVDD model and propose two calibration functions. The first one uses a sigmoid model and the other one is based on a generalized extreme distribution model. To est...

When spectral variation caused by factors different from the parameter to be predicted (e.g. external variations in temperature) is present in calibration data, a common approach is to include this variation in the calibration model. For this purpose, the calibration sample spectra measured under standard conditions and the spectra of a smaller set measured under changed conditions are combined...

Background: The artificial neural networks (ANNs) are useful in solving nonlinear processes, without the need for mathematical models of the parameters. Since the relationship between the CT numbers and material compositions is not linear, ANN can be used for obtaining tissue density and composition.Objective: The aim of this study is to utilize ANN for determination of the composition and mass...

This paper describes an on-going work on the development and implementation of cellular automata based urban growth modeling using multitemporal satellite imagery. The algorithm is designed to simulate the historical growth as a function of local neighbourhood structure of the input data. Transition rules in the algorithm drive the urban growth over time. Calibration is introduced in the cellul...

Optical density (OD) measurements of microbial growth are one of the most common techniques used in microbiology, with applications ranging from studies of antibiotic efficacy to investigations of growth under different nutritional or stress environments, to characterization of different mutant strains, including those harbouring synthetic circuits. OD measurements are performed under the assum...

The Hounsfield units into density conversion for a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) is discussed. The impact of an average calibration table provided by the manufacturer on computed doses was investigated when a customer calibration could not be included in the TPS. The maximum error determined on the computed monitor units per Gy was found to be about 2%, being below 1% on average. T...