Introduction Intensive research is currently ongoing to develop hybrid PET/MR imaging systems. A handful of small animal studies have been published and the first human brain PET/MR images were recently obtained [1]. However, to generate quantitatively accurate PET images, gamma ray attenuation must be corrected. In PET/CT, this is done by taking advantage of the electron density information ob...

In this work, an inverse problem for the time-independent vector transfer equation for polarized radiation in isotropic medium is examined. In the problem, it is required to find the attenuation factor from known solution of the equation at the medium boundary. A formula is derived that relates the Radon transform of the attenuation factor with the radiation-flux density at the boundary. The un...

introduction: osteoporosis is a bone disease in which there is a reduction in the amount of bone mineral content leading to an increase in the risk of bone fractures. the affected individuals not only have to go through lots of pain and suffering but this disease also results in high economic costs to the society due to a large number of fractures.  a timely and accurate diagnosis of this disea...

Catechins, a major component of green tea extract, have anti-hyperlipidemic effects. The present study investigated the effects of consumption of green tea with high-density catechins in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. Seventeen patients with NAFLD consumed green tea with high-density catechins, low-density catechins or a placebo for 12 weeks in a randomized double-blind stu...

For persistent infections of the mammalian host, African trypanosomes limit their population size by quorum sensing of the parasite-excreted stumpy induction factor (SIF), which induces development to the tsetse-infective stumpy stage. We found that besides this cell density-dependent mechanism, there exists a second path to the stumpy stage that is linked to antigenic variation, the main instr...

For a collection of distributions over a countable support set, the worst case universal compression formulation by Shtarkov attempts to assign a universal distribution over the support set. The formulation aims to ensure that the universal distribution does not underestimate the probability of any element in the support set relative to distributions in the collection. When the alphabet is unco...