This paper proposes an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithm by Direct Load Control (DLC) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. The cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with DLC programs. The load curtailment cost is based ...

We report on a real-time demand response experiment with 100 controllable devices. The reveals several key challenges in the deployment of program, including time delays, uncertainties, characterization errors, multiple timescales, and nonlinearity, which have been largely ignored previous studies. To resolve these practical issues, we develop implement two-level multi-loop control structure in...

a model of the iranian wheat market is specified and fitted to data from 1981-2008. severaldiagnostic tests were employed in the analysis to determine the specification of the model. despitethe simplicity of the model and data problems, an examination of the econometric model leads toseveral conclusions with possible important policy implications for the wheat economy in iran.the general result...

(ABSTRACT) A variety of practical network optimization problems arising in the context of public supply and commercial transportation, emergency response and risk management, engineering design, and industrial planning are addressed in this study. The decisions to be made in these problems include the location of supply centers, the routing, allocation and scheduling of flow between supply and ...