Caffeine and theophylline (0.1-5.0 mM) relaxed rat ileal muscle and reduced spontaneous rhythmicity. They inhibited the K-induced tonic contractures of rat vas deferens and bladder muscle strips but were without significant effect on the phasic responses to K. Theobromine (1.0-2.5 mM) induced contractures in ileal muscle and enhanced both the phasic and tonic components of K-induced contracture...

It is generally well accepted that nitrovasodilator-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle involves elevation of cGMP and activation of a specific cGMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase G (PKG)]. However, the protein targets of PKG and the underlying mechanisms by which this kinase leads to a relaxant response have not been elucidated. Several types of smooth muscle, including rat ...

We examined the effects of adenosine and its analogs on sympathomimetic responses of pithed rats to electrical stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic nerves (ES) or to injections of nicotine, phenylephrine (PE) or isoproterenol (ISO). Four physiological indices of sympathetic neurotransmission were measured: blood pressure, heart rate and contractions of smooth muscle in vas deferens and eyel...

Mechanisms of postjunctional synergism between adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline were studied in isolated guinea pig vas deferens. Whereas prior exposure to ATP had no significant effect on noradrenaline-mediated contractions, noradrenaline concentration-dependently enhanced ATP-induced contractions. Similarly to noradrenaline, histamine, which also acts via phospholipase-couple...

mirizzi’s syndrome is a rare complication of gallstone disease , that gallbladder lumen can lie alongside the common hepatic duct, resulting in inflamation and resultan bile duct stricture . most cases are not indentified preoperatively. variations of the cystic duct and its point of :union: with the common hepatic duct are surgically important . here, we present an unusual case of type i miriz...

A 24-year-old male presented with voiding lower urinary tract symptoms. On evaluation, the patient was found to have midbulbar urethral stricture and right dysplastic pelvic kidney with right vesicoureteral reflux. A micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) shows opacification of the right vas deferens along the entire course till the testis. The patient underwent end-to-end urethroplasty. But soon ...

The role of the male reproductive tract as a reservoir for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is poorly understood. To analyze the presence of HPV DNA, 27 samples, comprising postvasectomy semen samples and pre- and postejaculation urine samples, were obtained from 18 men recalled for follow-up. HPV DNA was analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction, confirmed with Southern blot hybridizati...

Objective: Erectile dysfunction is a usual side effect of antipsychotic medications; this causes patients to avoid using drugs. The aim study investigate the effects iloperidone, paliperidone and loxapine on serotonin (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) potassium chloride (KCl)-induced contractions vas deferens in mice.Materials Methods: mice were randomly divided into expe...

Dr. Alfred Jost pioneered the field of reproductive endocrinology with his seminal observation that two hormones produced by the testes are required for the male embryo to develop a normal internal reproductive tract. T induces the Wolffian ducts to differentiate into epididymides, vasa deferens, and seminal vesicles. Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) causes regression of the Müllerian ducts...

Background Auto-immunization was proposed as the mechanism of contralateral testicular damage following unilateral vas deferens injuries. The objective of this experimental in vitro study was to elucidate the effect of tacrolimus (TS) as a powerful immunosuppressant on contralateral epididymal sperm fertilizing capacity following unilateral vas deferens obstruction (UVO) in mice. MaterialsAndMe...