The study of conoict and cooperation has been an enduring task of scholars, with the most recent arguments being between realists and neoliberal institutionalists.1 Most students of the subject believe that realists argue that international politics is characterized by great conoict and that institutions play only a small role. They also believe that neoliberals claim that cooperation is more e...

CONTEXT One of the goals of providing manipulative treatment such as osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is to restore maximal, pain-free movement of the musculoskeletal system and to enhance neuromuscular function. Anecdotally, some athletes have reported that their athletic performance improves after manipulative treatment. OBJECTIVE To develop preliminary data to gain more understandi...

Semen Semenovich Zimnitsky was a great Russian internist, participant in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). He proved that soldiers wounded by pointed bullets are seriously injured they need annual leave. S. can be considered one of founders battlefield internal medicine Russia. In work "Diseases pulmonary parenchyma and pleura", he described croupous pneumonia "abdominal syndrome" with dry pl...

Numerous observers have expressed growing concerns regarding health care delivery, medical malpractice, and litigation against health care providers, although, for years, all fifty of the states have instituted and applied a broad spectrum of medical malpractice reforms while experimenting with various other measures. Some commentators believe that the health care delivery system is now experie...

Research on self-affirmation has shown that simple reminders of self-integrity reduce people's tendency to respond defensively to threat. Recent research has suggested it is irrelevant whether the self-affirmation exercise takes place before or after the threat or the individual's defensive response to it, supposedly because the meaning of threats is continuously reprocessed. However, four expe...

Past research has shown that health messages on safer sexual practices that focus on relational consequences are more persuasive than messages that focus on personal consequences. However, we theorize that it is defensiveness against personal risk framing that threatens the self among people from more individualistic cultures. Two studies tested this idea. Study 1 showed that European Americans...

OBJECTIVE There has been little research on the prevalence of defensive practice within hospital settings. The aim of this report was to examine the extent of defensiveness among psychiatrists and to examine the relationship between defensiveness and seniority, as well as the effect of previous experiences on the level of defensiveness. DESIGN A postal questionnaire survey on defensive practi...