Induction of local defence, as well as systemic resistance, of plants is associated with transcriptional reprogramming. Here we report on defence gene induction by natural and synthetic stimulants of plant immunity. Gene expression changes in Arabidopsis thaliana were monitored in response to several plant immunity stimulants (plant activators) using Northern blotting and an application-based a...

A number of studies have shown that the production of chemical defences is costly in terrestrial vascular plants. However, these studies do not necessarily reflect the costs of defence production in macroalgae, due to structural and functional differences between vascular plants and macroalgae. Using a specific culturing technique, we experimentally manipulated the defence production in the red...

This paper describes a set of criteria for evaluating defence mechanisms against flooding denial of service (DoS) attacks. Effectiveness and usefulness of a defence mechanism in mitigating a DoS attack depends on many issues which are presented here in the form of a taxonomy. The primary goal of this taxonomy is to help in getting a comprehensive view on both the strengths and weaknesses of a s...

The purpose of the present study was to create a methodology which can provide information about gaps in an opposing team’s defence. To illustrate the methodology, a defence was tracked during a game in the danish Superliga using ZXY radio tracking and analysed using the methodology. Results showed that at certain passing speeds, an opposing defence is well coordinated with no gaps, but if the ...

The Janzen-Connell hypothesis proposes that plant interactions with host-specific antagonists can impair the fitness of locally abundant species and thereby facilitate coexistence. However, insects and pathogens that associate with multiple hosts may mediate exclusion rather than coexistence. We employ a simulation model to examine the effect of enemy host breadth on plant species richness and ...

In this article the author examines dynamic of European Union Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) after adoption two strategic documents — Global Strategy on EU Foreign “Shared Vision, Action: Stronger Europe” Strategic Compass Defence. Both were adopted during period transformation institutions, influence further security defence. The evaluates practical changes in sphere policy document...

Abstract This paper presents the process of establishing a terminology management infrastructure in Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) and Ministry Defence with aim ensuring standardized defence military terminology. The process, which began 2018, leaned on best practices NATO Standardization Office Canada’s Defence, both have well-established standardization systems place. As was established by lang...

The mean (N-O) bond dissociation enthalpies were derived for three 2-methyl-3-(R)-quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (1) derivatives, with R = methyl (1a), ethoxycarbonyl (1b), and benzyl (1c). The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous state at T = 298.15 K for the three 1 derivatives were determined from the enthalpies of combustion of the crystalline solids and their enthalpies of sublim...