in this investigation the effects of excess vitamin a administration during the early embryonic period were studied. intramuscular injection of a single dose of 15000,20000 or 25000 iu/kg vitamin a to pregnant balb/c strain mice on either day 7,8,9 or 10 of gestation (vaginal plug= day 0 of gestation) produced major malformations in the central nervous system (cns) including exencephaly, hydroc...

Fixed myocardial defects in both stress and rest images, could be artifactual as a result of soft tissue attenuation. To increase specificity and identify the false positive results, we used gated technique to evaluate the wall motion and wall thickening as an index to differentiate real ischemic lesions from artifactual defects. 93 patients were studied. In 46 patients (48.8%) fixed perf...

Background and Objective: Regional differences exist in the prevalence of birth defects. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and related factors with birth defects in Zanjan, Iran. Material and Methods: This descriptive analytic study was performed in Zanjan province during 2015–2016. Data included 41265 child births, which were extracted from the Iranian Mother and Newborn (...

an analytical solution of the equation describing diffusion of intrinsic point defects in semiconductor crystals has been obtained for a one-dimensional finite-length domain with the robin-type boundary conditions. the distributions of point defects for different migration lengths of defects have been calculated. the exact analytical solution was used to verify the approximate numerical solutio...

complete and non-defecting delivery of construction is one of the important obligations of construction contracts. however, unlike in most of the consuming products, the troubleshooting of construction needs passages of time, since hidden defects appear through time and usages of consumer. although after the delivery of construction the claim of consumer is not admissible, in hidden defects it ...

introduction: reconstruction of intraoral soft tissue defects is important in restoring function and esthetic. in large defects, there will be demand for regional pedicle flaps or free flaps. hard palate separates nasal and oral cavities. due to the small surface area between flap and remaining palate after surgical resections, optimal blood supply of the flaps for hard palate reconstructions a...

background vermilion irregularities are common secondary deformities after cleft lip repair, regressed or resected hemangiomas, trauma and tumor surgeries. vermilion deficiency attracts considerable attention and detracts from an otherwise excellent lip repair. minor and moderate vermilion defects can be corrected with upper lip advancement, rotation flaps, tongue flaps or grafts. major defects...

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital cardiac malformation. We report three cases of ALCAPA who survived to adulthood. The first case was a 51-year-old woman who complained of typical chest pain that was diagnosed with ALCAPA using cardiac catheterization and coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The second case was a 30-...

Background and Objectives: Recently, photonic crystals have been considered as the basic structures for the realization of various optical devices for high speed optical communication. Methods: In this research, two dimensional photonic crystals are used for designing all optical logic gates. A photonic crystal structure with a triangular lattice is proposed for making NAND, XNOR, and OR optica...