Real-time 800 phased-array two-dimensional sector echocardiography was used in 44 patients with atrioventricular (AV) canal defect. Anatomic details were surgically confirmed in 33. The apex view allowed visualization of atrial and ventricular portions of complete AV canal defects, with the common AV valve structures between the defects. The apex view also allowed us to differentiate divided an...

In this paper, we present the simulation results on the absorption modification in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab (2D PCS) structure, based on three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain technique (3D FDTD). Significantly enhanced absorption at defect level was obtained at surface normal direction in a single defect photonic crystal cavity, for both in-plane and vertical sources. A...

This paper investigates the spectral properties of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) containing an inhomogeneous polymer- dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) as a defect layer. Experimental results indicate that the voltage-induced reorientation of LC molecules between the light-scattering and transparent states in the PDLC enables the electrical tuning of the transmittance of defect-mode pea...

Photonic band gap (PBG) dielectric fibers with hollow cores are being studied both theoretically and experimentally for use as laser driven accelerator structures. The hollow core functions as both a longitudinal waveguide for the transverse-magnetic (TM) accelerating fields and a channel for the charged particles. The dielectric surrounding the core is permeated by a periodic array of smaller ...

Several groups have reported an enhancement of the ultrasonic Rayleigh wave when scanning close to a surface-breaking defect in a metal sample. This enhancement may be explained as an interference effect where the waves passing directly between source and receiver interfere with those waves reflected back from the defect. We present finite element models of the predicted enhancement when approa...

This study proposes a hybrid structure for a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PC) comprising a tristable cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) as the defect layer. The CLC exhibits three optically stable states: the Grandjean planar (P), focal conic (FC), and uniform lying helix (ULH) configurations. Specifically, the reflection band of the CLC is set within the photonic bandgap (PBG) of the 1...

Using general properties of the crystal site representation normal mode matrix, we provide some simple bounds on localized modes in crystals with point defects. I. DERIVATION OF THE TRACE CONDITION The substitutional insertion of a point defect impurity into an otherwise perfect crystal will typically (see e.g. [1]) modify the spectrum of the 3N normal modes of the crystal, leading in certain c...

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a powerful alternative method to observe the optical intensity distributions in fabricated nanophotonic structures. Several groups have obtained NSOM images of photonic crystal (PC) [1-2]. Quite recently, we have reported the optical mode images obtained by NSOM on compact PC cavities based on fractional edge dislocations [3]. Here we report high...

We consider the interaction of a nonlinear Schrödinger soliton with a localized (point) defect in the medium through which it travels. Using numerical simulations, we find parameter regimes under which the soliton may be reflected, transmitted, or captured by the defect. We propose a mechanism of resonant energy transfer to a nonlinear standing wave mode supported by the defect. Following Forin...