BACKGROUND: Determining how effective a product is to repel mosquitoes or other flying insects is a difficult task. One approach is using a bioassay with textile fabric. We investigated the role of the textile substrate in the bioassay with a numerical model, and compared with known results for DEET. We next apply the model to determine the effectiveness of textile slow-release formulations bas...

BACKGROUND DEET, 2-undecanone (2-U), IR3535 and Picaridin are widely used as insect repellents to prevent interactions between humans and many arthropods including mosquitoes. Their molecular action has only recently been studied, yielding seemingly contradictory theories including odorant-dependent inhibitory and odorant-independent excitatory activities on insect olfactory sensory neurons (OS...

The uptake of the organophosphates tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), the insect repellant N,N-diethyl toluamide (DEET), and the plasticizer n-butyl benzenesulfonamide (NBBS) into plants was studied in greenhouse experiments and simulated with a dynamic physiological plant uptake model. The calibrated model was coupled to a ...

Four synthetic mosquito repellents (Autan [10% KBR3023], IR3535 [7.5%], Off! [15% deet], Skinsations [7% deet]) and eight natural (primarily plant extracts and/or essential oils) product-based repellents (Bite Blocker [2% soybean oil], ByGone, GonE!, Natrapel [10% citronella], Neem Aura, Sunswat, MosquitoSafe [25% geraniol], and Repel [26% p-menthane-3,8-diol]) were tested in the laboratory aga...

thalassemia major patients require repeated transfusions of packed cell and their lysis lead to iron deposition especially in the cardiac walls such as septum and posterior wall, so make thickening and cause cardiac disorders. in this case-control study, our object was to appoint if qt and qtc and te dispersions were predictors of cardiac disorders in thalassemia major patients or not. 34 thala...

the first aim of the present investigation was to prepare solid dispersions to improve the dissolution properties of oxcarbazepine and quetiapine using peg 6000 as a carrier with the help of two methods of preparations viz. spray drying and modified solvent method, and to compare the two methods. the second objective was to apply the modified solvent method for preparation of sustained release ...

background: fleas are important vectors of human and animal disease, and control measures for protection against their bites and flea-borne diseases are necessary. methods : the essential oils (eos) of four native medicinal plants, ziziphora tenuiore , myrtus communis , achillea wilhelmsii and mentha piperita were isolated by hydrodistillation technique and analyzed by gc-mc. the repellent acti...

DEET and IR3535 are insect repellents present worldwide in commercial products; their efficacy has been mainly evaluated in mosquitoes. This study compares the toxicological effects and the behavioral responses induced by both repellents on the blood-sucking bug Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), one of the main vectors of Chagas disease. When applied topically, the Median Lethal ...