β cell dedifferentiation is a key mechanism for dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although it has been indicated previous studies that could be induced by inflammation, the cytohistologic analyses of inflammation-induced human islets lacking. The present study aims to cytohistologically characterize treated proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β/Tuman necrosis factor-α/Interfero...

BACKGROUND Adult mammalian muscle retains incredible plasticity. Muscle growth and repair involves the activation of undifferentiated myogenic precursors called satellite cells. In some circumstances, it has been proposed that existing myofibers may also cleave and produce a pool of proliferative cells that can re-differentiate into new fibers. Such myofiber dedifferentiation has been observed ...

The cancer stem cell hypothesis has evolved into one of the most important paradigms in cancer research. According to cancer stem cell hypothesis, somatic mutations in a subpopulation of cells can transform them into cancer stem cells with the unique potential of tumour initiation. Stem cells have the potential to produce lineages of non-stem cell populations (differentiated cells) via a ubiqui...

We explored the underlying mechanisms of differentiation, dedifferentiation, reprogramming and transdifferentiation (cell type switchings) from landscape and flux perspectives. Lineage reprogramming is a new regenerative method to convert a matured cell into another cell including direct transdifferentiation without undergoing a pluripotent cell state and indirect transdifferentiation with an i...

Background: Caveolin, a family of integral membrane proteins are a principal component of caveolae membranes. In this study, we investigated the effect of p38 kinase on differentiation and on inflammatory responses in sodium nitroprusside (SNP)treated chondrocytes. Methods: Rabbit articular chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage slices of 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits by enzymatic dig...

Adventitious bud-like structures were directly regenerated from pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Baklouti) cotyledon explants taken from 14 days-old seedlings and cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 5.7 μM IAA and 8.8 μM BAP. Histological and molecular studies were performed at different stages of the in vitro culture process in order to follow the regeneration pathway. Histological study r...

Under conventional culture conditions, smooth muscle cells display their phenotypic modulation from a differentiated to a dedifferentiated state. Here, we established a primary culture system of smooth muscle cells maintaining a differentiated phenotype, as characterized by expression of smooth muscle-specific marker genes such as h-caldesmon and calponin, cell morphology, and ligand-induced co...