Hewitt et al. (1947) [1] reported that DEC acted as effective filaricide to Litomosoides carinii in rats. Later, Santiago-Stevenson et al. (1947) [2] showed that this compound was effective in the treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in humans. Hawking et al. (1950) [3] proposed the action mechanism of DEC. Since the extensive studies by Kessel (1957) [4] and his colleagues, the drug’s s...

The medullary respiratory network involves various types of respiratory neurons. The present study focused on possible inhibitory neurons called decrementing expiratory (E-DEC) neurons and aimed to determine whether their transmitter is glycine or GABA. In Nembutal-anesthetized, neuromuscularly blocked, and artificially ventilated rats we labeled E-DEC neurons with Neurobiotin and processed the...

The National Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis is underway in the endemic districts of Tamil Nadu State, South India, since 2001. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) was carried out by the state health department to all eligible individuals. The impact of MDAs on transmission parameters was evaluated in 2 revenue blocks, viz, one with DEC alone and the other with a combina...

Membrane curvature is no longer seen as a passive consequence of cellular activity but an active means to create membrane domains and to organize centres for membrane trafficking. Curvature can be dynamically modulated by changes in lipid composition, the oligomerization of curvature scaffolding proteins and the reversible insertion of protein regions that act like wedges in membranes. There is...

In "Mathematical Games" in the December 1966 issue of Scientific American, Martin Gardner made the following statement regarding Pascals triangle: "Almost anyone can study the triangle and discover more properties, but it is unlikely that they will be new, for what is said here only scratches the surface of a vast literature." But, of course, many new results have been discovered since 1966 and...

The application of Multihop Cell phone-based Sensor Network (MCSN) technologies for the Data gathering service has brought new challenges in maintaining communication clusters of Cluster heads for long time durations. Stable clustering methods reduce the reclustering frequency in MCSN and provide for a more energy-efficient hierarchical network topology. The stability is defined in terms of Dom...

assessment, human health, environmental fate and impact, risk assessment and risk management, and informatics and modeling. The emphasis on informatics and modeling, new for this update of the strategy, reflects the need for a way to organize the rapidly growing wealth of data on ENMs. Coral reefs sequester carbon dioxide, support fisheries, protect the coastline from storms, and help generate ...

Gastric Ulceration in the Adult Gastric ulceration syndrome (GUS), a complicated and multi-factorial problem, is a common disorder of the stomach of mature horses. Horses that are turned out to pasture and are not involved in work have normal stomachs as do most horses used for light work or pleasure (Murray 1994). In recent years the widespread nature of this disorder has gained increased reco...

Starting in the late 1980s, financial and economic researchers became increasingly sophisticated in their attempts to analyze market expectations embedded in option prices. Moving beyond the study of implied Black-Scholes volatilities, this body of work has focused on the recovery of either the stochastic process followed by the underlying asset price or the density function from which the asse...

A review of the psychiatric sequelae of HIV infection shows that the disease is associated with substantial psychiatric morbidity, psychological distress, and negative social impact. Evidence from meta-analysis of the prevalence of mood disorders in patients with HIV/AIDS also suggests that depression is present in 10% of subjects. Furthermore, psychopathology associated with HIV/AIDS may contr...