Attempts to commercialize GaN VCSELs have been unsuccessful to date due to the challenges of manufacturability of DBR mirrors, difficulties associated with current blocking, and the complexity of laser liftoff. The new process flow overcomes all three challenges enabling the manufacturing of IIINitride VCSEL without liftoff and with much reduced complexity and the possibility of on-wafer testing.

Attempts to commercialize GaN VCSELs have been unsuccessful to date due to the challenges of manufacturability of DBR mirrors, difficulties associated with current blocking, and the complexity of laser liftoff. The new process flow overcomes all three challenges enabling the manufacturing of IIINitride VCSEL without liftoff and with much reduced complexity and the possibility of on-wafer testing.

This paper provides an overview of a Design-Based Research (DBR) study which resulted in a prototype of the MobileEnabled Language Learning Eco-System (MELLES) and replicable design principles to guide development of practical innovative mobile learning interventions. The MELLES solution was generated to augment in-class practice of ESP skills with learning embedded in real-life dynamic communi...

We show comparison of four different numerical methods for simulating Photonic-Crystal (PC) VCSELs. We present the theoretical basis behind each method and analyze the differences by studying a benchmark VCSEL structure, where the PC structure penetrates all VCSEL layers, the entire top-mirror DBR, a fraction of the top-mirror DBR or just the VCSEL cavity. The different models are evaluated by ...

OBJECTIVE Since dentures can serve as a reservoir for halitosis-causing oral bacteria, halitosis development is a concern for denture wearers. In this study, we surveyed the prevalence of four selected halitosis-related species (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, Veillonella atypica and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in clinical denture plaque samples, and developed denture biofilm models f...