JULY 2004 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | T he key mission of the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) is to understand water and energy cycles, document their physical processes, and simulate and predict water and energy fluxes. This involves a synergetic strategy integrating satellite data, in situ observations, assimilated data, and modeling simulations. A CEOP Monsoon Systems Work...

Due to their sensitive reaction to changes in climatic conditions, glaciers have been selected as an essential climate variable (ECV). Although a large amount of ice is located in the Himalayas, this region is yet only sparsely represented in global glacier databases. Accordingly, a sound and comprehensive change assessment or determination of water resources was not yet possible. In this study...

Two species of Lejeuneaceae, Drepanolejeunea spicata and Lejeunea stevensiana have been reported for the first time from Arunachal Pradesh Meghalaya, respectively. Both are poorly known in Indian bryoflora. Till now, former one is India only through collection made by W. Giffith (JE-H3412) an unknown locality Assam, while latter has limited distribution Kerala, Sikkim Darjeeling only. The detai...

[1] The Himalayas have a profound effect on the South Asian climate and the regional hydrological cycle, as it forms a barrier for the strong monsoon winds and serves as an elevated heat source, thus controlling the onset and distribution of precipitation during the Indian summer monsoon. Recent studies have suggested that radiative heating by absorbing aerosols, such as dust and black carbon o...

India had made an early move to constrain the spread of COVID 19, requesting a 21 day across country lockdown for its population 1.3 billion persons beginning March 25th 2020. The progressing wellbeing emergency influenced various society including agriculture and farming. This paper represents effect on hill especially agricultural business performed by native peoples Darjeeling hills who are ...

Satellite-based precipitation, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Cloud Optical Depth (COD), and Aerosol Index (AI) data were used to characterize the linkages among landform and the intra-annual variability of aerosols, cloudiness and rainfall in the Himalayas using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The first modes of AOD and AI show the presence of two branches of dust aerosol: over the...

2 This paper does not in any way reflect the views of the Asian Development Bank or any of its member countries. This paper expresses the views of the author. Any facts or errors in the interpretations of the facts are the author's sole responsibility. Summary Environmental wags claim that "ecoregionalism" has become a buzzword of the new millennium. Conservation biologists claim that multi-cou...