Nitrogen (N) deposition impacts natural and semi-natural ecosystems globally. The responses of vegetation to N deposition may, however, differ strongly between habitats and may be mediated by the form of N. Although much attention has been focused on the impact of total N deposition, the effects of reduced and oxidised N, independent of the total N deposition, have received less attention. In t...

Natural habitats vary in the degree to which they are invaded by exotic species, but it is unclear whether they differ in the mechanisms underlying the spatial spread of a given exotic species. To compare the dynamics of invasion in highly invaded nonserpentine oak woodlands and less-invaded serpentine habitats, we used an historical ‘‘experiment’’ consisting of the introduction of several nonn...

Distributions, abundances, and patterns of resource use of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and small mammals varied spatially and temporally in California oak woodlands. Spatial variations occurred within stands, between stands of a similar type (e.g., canyon live oak [Quercus chrysolepis], blue oak [Q. douglasii], or valley oak [Q. lobata]), between stand types, and between geographic areas. Temp...

Aims The effect of spatial scale on the location and abundance species has long been a major topic interest in ecology. Accounting for key drivers at multiple scales is critical rigorous description patterns distribution biodiversity change. We quantified effects potential bird occupancy across geographically dispersed, but heavily disturbed fragmented ecosystem. Location Threatened Box-Gum Gra...