Quarterly water consumption data collected in a small supply system were used for elaboration of new modeling approach. In this paper, multi-distribution statistical analysis was performed. As the Anderson-Darling test proved, at least half out ten tested theoretical probability distributions can be description consumption. The application PWRMSE criterion made it possible to determine, which i...

T he main aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of population total, gross domestic product per capita, urbanization rate and energy use on carbon emissions in Nigeria for a period of 1981-2015 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to co-integration (ARDL). The empirical results revealed evidence of a long run relationship among the variables. The generalized ridge ...

The Eastern Mediterranean Region of the WHO is the poorest region in the world in water resources as a Region and per capita. This paper summarizes existing practices and constraints regarding wastewater treatment and reuse in the Region and describes the health impact of inappropriate practices. Appropriate treatment for agricultural use from the health point of view, and the health regulation...

The world’s fresh water resources are unequally distributed both in time and in space. Until recently water resource management focused on reallocating water to when and where it was required, a supply-side or fragmented approach. Nowadays there are signs that water resource availability is dwindling – due to both population growth and increased per capita water use – and ecosystems are being d...

OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate inequities in access to drinking water services as reflected in household per capita expenditure on water, and to determine what proportion of household expenditures is spent on water in 11 countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS Using data from multi-purpose household surveys (such as the Living Standards Measurement Survey Study) conducted in...

Planning and construction are well-known practical topics; however, eco-city developments and their sustainable effects on the city are less known. Xi’an is a typical city that has a target to become an eco-city. This city is selected in this case study with the aims of (1) framing eco-practices to enhance the understanding of an eco-city development and (2) evaluating the effect of eco-practic...

OBJECTIVES To see if obesity, deaths from diabetes, and daily calorie intake are associated with income inequality among developed countries. DESIGN Ecological study of 21 developed countries.Countries: Countries were eligible for inclusion if they were among the top 50 countries with the highest gross national income per capita by purchasing power parity in 2002, had a population over 3 mill...

This inequality is especially critical for Asia, which has 60% of the world’s population but only 36% of the world’s water. Water quality in terms of pollutant loading also is not distributed equally and is related to the type of use and a country’s level of development (Figure 2). Developing countries often have less capacity to improve water quality and depend on lower-quality water for a var...

Ensuring a sustainable urban water supply for developing/low-income countries requires an understanding of the factors affecting consumption and technical evidence individual which can be used to design improved demand projection. This paper compared dry rainy season sources available end-use volume by each person in different income groups. The study questionnaire survey gather household data ...