We present and evaluate a new compiler, called D4, targeting the Decision-DNNF language. As the state-of-the-art compilers C2D and Dsharp targeting the same language, D4 is a top-down treesearch algorithm exploring the space of propositional interpretations. D4 is based on the same ingredients as those considered in C2D and Dsharp (mainly, disjoint component analysis, conflict analysis and non-...

The presence of volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) presents challenges for using landfill and digester gases as energy fuels because of the formation of silicon dioxide deposits during combustion. This study looks at the feasibility of using biological treatment to control VMSs. Biotrickling filters removing octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), selected as a model VMS, from aerobic and anaerobic wa...

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) express functional interleukin-18 receptors (IL-18Rs), composed of and subunits. These subunits are elevated in VSMCs of atherosclerotic plaques and can be induced by inflammatory agents in cultured VSMC. Because both IL-18 and Angiotensin II (Ang II) are implicated in atherosclerosis, our objective was to analyze the role of IL-18 signaling and potential cr...

purpose the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ramadan fasting on circulating levels of interleukin-12 (il-12) after a brief maximal exercise. methods nine subjects performed a wingate test on three different occasions: (i) the first week of ramadan (1wr), (ii) the fourth week of ramadan (4wr), and (iii) three weeks after ramadan (ar). blood samples were taken before, immediate...

The eyespot of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a photoreceptive organelle required for phototaxis. Relative to the anterior flagella, the eyespot is asymmetrically positioned adjacent to the daughter four-membered rootlet (D4), a unique bundle of acetylated microtubules extending from the daughter basal body toward the posterior of the cell. Here, we detail the relations...

We construct black string solutions in type IIA supergravity arising from intersecting D2-D4-D6-NS5 branes the presence of fractional D4-branes. The D4-branes arise D6-branes wrapping (collapsing) two-cycles a Calabi--Yau twofold. In near horizon limit these give rise to ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}$ geometries preserving $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetry and fall within recent classification [J. High E...

This investigation was carried out at Agronomy Department Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Egypt, to study the effect temperature resulting from different sowing dates, genotypes and their interaction on forage yield its components alfalfa. A set ten (Ismailia-1, Nubaria-1, Ramah-1, populations F.R.S., Kharja, El-Dahlia, Farafra, Balady Aswan Cuf 101) were sown five dates (three...

Stem Cell Factor (SCF) initiates its multiple cellular responses by binding to the ectodomain of KIT, resulting in tyrosine kinase activation. We describe the crystal structure of the entire ectodomain of KIT before and after SCF stimulation. The structures show that KIT dimerization is driven by SCF binding whose sole role is to bring two KIT molecules together. Receptor dimerization is follow...

conclusions to date, a large number of viruses are proved to trigger innate immunity via tlrs, suggesting that these receptors are likely to be important in the outcome of viral infection. this suggestion is supported by the observation that many viruses have evolved mechanisms not only to evade the innate immune system, but also to subvert it for the benefit of the virus. materials and methods...

objective: astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. they may promote or inhibit cns inflammation depending on which cytokines are secreted. astrocytes also have immune roles. il-19, il-20, and il-24 activate a heterodimer receptor composed of the il-20r1 α-chain and the il-20r2 β-chain. it has long been considered that signaling by these receptor complexes affects immunological reactio...