Intra-tumour heterogeneity is a leading cause of treatment failure and disease progression in cancer. While genetic mutations have long been accepted as primary mechanism generating this heterogeneity, the role phenotypic plasticity becoming increasingly apparent driver intra-tumour heterogeneity. Consequently, understanding resistance key component improving cancer therapy. We develop mathemat...

Antibody-drug conjugates are monoclonal antibodies conjugated to cytotoxic agents. They use antibodies that are specific to tumour cell-surface proteins and, thus, have tumour specificity and potency not achievable with traditional drugs. Design of effective antibody-drug conjugates for cancer therapy requires selection of an appropriate target, a monoclonal antibody against the target, potent ...

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of highly potent biopharmaceutical drugs generated by conjugating cytotoxic drugs with specific monoclonal antibodies through appropriate linkers. Specific antibodies used to guide potent warheads to tumor tissues can effectively reduce undesired side effects of the cytotoxic drugs. An in-depth understanding of antibodies, linkers, conjugation strateg...

Treatment for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults continues to evolve. Despite optimization of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic approaches risk-adapted therapy, about 12% pediatric patients still relapse, survival rates this population remain poor. Salvage therapy be challenging as attempts further intensify chemotherapy have resulted excessive toxicity without im...

The crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidiaceae) fruits and its different fractions have been investigated for the evaluation of in vitro cytotoxic potential. The dried and powder fruits were extracted with methanol at room temperature and the concentrated methanolic extract was fractionated by the modified Kupchan partitioning method to provide pet-ether, carbon tetrachlor...

2015 Single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly improved patient outcomes across multiple tumor subtypes. However, TKI therapy is rarely curative. Early optimism of combining TKIs with cytotoxic chemotherapy failed to produce substantial results in numerous randomized studies. This article highlights potential missteps and improvements in combination therapy thus far, whi...

  Primary Hepatic Lymphoma (PHL) is rare and possibly associated with viral hepatitis and autoimmune diseases. Scleroderma could exceptionally be complicated by lymphoma. We describe PHL occurring in a 52-year-old female suffering scleroderma for eight years, with no history of cytotoxic or high-dose glucocorticoid therapy. CT scan, performed to work-up abdominal discomfort, constipation, and ...

Individualizing drug therapy by the use of pharmacogenomics offers the opportunity to improve drug efficacy, reduce adverse side effects, and provide cost-effective pharmaceutical care. 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and azathioprine (AZA) are widely prescribed cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs used in the therapy of acute leukaemia, inflammatory bowel diseases, allograft rej...

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in basement membrane degradation, a critical step in invasion of cancer cells. We have previously shown that MMP inhibition of pancreatic cancers improves survival and decreases MMP production in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine whether BB-94 was better than cytotoxic therapy and would increase the efficacy of cytotoxic therapy (gemci...