Cyanide is a gaseous poison which liberated from cyanide compounds such as potassium cyanide. In spite of high toxicity, are easily accessible for industrial use, and some contamination cases into beverages have occurred. For analysis cyanide, various analytical methods colorimetric been reported. Among those, headspace-gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection (HS-GC-NPD) known its easy...

The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment is poorly defined, but data suggest that bacteria may encounter reduced oxygen tensions and possibly an anaerobic environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the potent toxin cyanide under strictly microaerobic conditions. Evidence of bacterial cyanogenesis in the CF lung was investigated in the present study by measuring sputum cyanide concentrations....

With increasing industrialisation man is continuously disturbing the delicate ecological balance. Among the different sources which cause environmental deterioration, hydrogen cyanide is the most important one. Acute cyanide poisoning in man and animals results in incoordination of movements, convulsions, coma and respiratory arrest. At the molecular level it is well known that cyanide inhibits...

Stemphylium loti, a pathogen of a cyanogenic plant, possesses a cyanide-insensitive alternate respiratory pathway. In the absence of cytochrome inhibitors, the alternate system had only a minor role in respiration. When S. loti was grown in medium amended with antimycin to block the cytochrome chain, the alternate system accounted for the total oxygen consumption associated with respiration.The...

Contrary to most heme proteins, ferrous cytochrome c does not bind ligands such as cyanide and CO. In order to quantify this observation, the redox potential of the ferric/ferrous cytochrome c-cyanide redox couple was determined for the first time by cyclic voltammetry. Its E0' was -240 mV versus SHE, equivalent to -23.2 kJ/mol. The entropy of reaction for the reduction of the cyanide complex w...

Cyanide is a very toxic chemical that is used to extract gold from its ores. Wastewaters from gold mining companies such as Bogoso Gold Limited (BGL) contain cyanide and other potentially toxic chemicals that have adverse effects on human beings and aquatic organisms. This study was conducted to evaluate the human health risk assessment from exposure to free cyanide via oral and dermal contact ...

Cyanides, a diverse family of compounds containing the highly reactive cyanide anion (CN), are produced from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The cyanide compounds most commonly found in the environment include sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and gaseous hydrogen cyanide, the latter being the main form present in air. The use of the term ‘cyanide’ in this section refers to the cyanide...

The filamentous fungus Fusarium lateritium is cyanide tolerant, due, at least in part, to the induction by cyanide of the enzyme formamide hydrolyase (EC 4.2.1.66). This enzyme, more commonly known as cyanide hydratase, catalyses the hydration of cyanide to formamide. The enzyme was purified from F. lateritium and showed a subunit molecular mass of 43 kDa (as judged by SDS-PAGE), while the nati...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data reveal large differences between the ferric ((13)C-)cyanide complexes of wild-type human neuroglobin (NGB) and its H64Q and F28L point mutants and the cyanide complexes of mammalian myo- and haemoglobin. The point mutations, which involve residues comprising the distal haem pocket in NGB, induce smaller, but still significant changes, related to change...

Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is an anti-hypertensive drug, commonly used to decrease the systemic vascular resistance and lower the blood pressure. When the amount of cyanide generated by the SNP exceeds the metabolic capacity for detoxification, cyanide toxicity occurs. Under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), it may be difficult to detect the development of cyanide toxicity. I...