In this investigation of AISI 1045 steel are tested in two stages. the first stage samples, induction boriding and hardening heat treatment typically 800 °C, 900 1000 1100 1200 °C applied over course seconds. Internal strains maybe mitigated using a 30 min tempering at temperature ranges 300 500 °Cand 700 °C. After that samples subjected to hardening, microhardness tensile strength according AS...

Swirling flow tundish was developed to enhance the coalescence of inclusions, so as deeply clean liquid steel. Inclusions would gather center swirling by centripetal force, due density difference between inclusions and Thus, small can coalesce into larger ones, then float free surface their self-buoyance. Physical experiments were carried out in a 1/2.5 scale single strand study characteristics...

Abstract The reasons behind the occurrence of a second/end peak heat release rate (PHRR) during wood combustion under radiative heating were determined. Effects type rear material, thickness, char progression, and its microstructure, as well moisture content/transport in spruce wood, studied. Rear materials used insulating Kaowool, conducting steel, same but physically separated from test speci...