Introduction: Previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. Orexin-A (OXA) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic fibers densely project from LH to LC. In this study, we assessed the role of LC and its OXA receptors in antinociceptive response induced by LH chemical stimulation in the rat. Meth...

In this article we we continue the study of property Np of irrational ruled surfaces begun in [12]. Let X be a ruled surface over a curve of genus g ≥ 1 with a minimal section C0 and the numerical invariant e. When X is an elliptic ruled surface with e = −1, there is an elliptic curve E ⊂ X such that E ≡ 2C0 − f . And we prove that if L ∈ PicX is in the numerical class of aC0 + bf and satisfies...

The road is one of the transportation infrastructures that have a role as connector between regions, and also contributes to strengthening growth economy, society, tourism, culture region. Today, tourism activity in Indonesia growing rapidly, marked by increasing number tourist areas being built, which Arak-Arak natural area Bondowoso Regency, East Java. Located hilly with an altitude 345 meter...

introduction: it is believed that locus coeruleus (lc) influences the sensory information processing. however, its role in cortical surround inhibitory mechanism is not understood. in this experiment, using controlled mechanical displacement of whiskers we investigated the effect of phasic electrical stimulation of lc on response of layer v barrel cortical neurons in anesthetized rat. methods: ...

Introduction: Noradrenergic cells in LC participate in the process of cortical activation and behavioral arousal. The evidence suggests that locus ceoruleus (LC) plays an important role in the sleep-wake cycle. The aim of this study was stereological estimation of cavity caused by lesion and assessment of sleep stages after bilateral lesion of the LC. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats we...

BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a pathology which affects the individual's functioning in the widely understood physical, psychic, and social aspects. More attention should be paid to patients' perception of self-image when evaluating the spine deformity. The present retrospective study evaluated the associations between the deformity measures and self-image score as determi...

--Coupled LC oscillators are known to provide good performance in terms of phase noise, signal amplitude, power consumption, and quadrature output signals. However, IQ amplitude and phase mismatches in these oscillators can be quite large due to the serious mismatch problem of large area inductors and varactors. A simple design modification of the coupled LC oscillators shows a significant impr...

Introduction: It has been shown that orexin peptides have a role in opioid withdrawal behaviors. Orexin-expressing neurons that are present in the hypothalamic nuclei send dense projections to the Locus Coeruleus (LC). Withdrawal syndrome is temporally associated with hyperactivity of LC neurons. However, LC neurons do not show withdrawalinduced hyperactivity in the brain slices from morphin...

In this study, the effect of reversible inactivation of locus ceruleus (LC) on naloxone- induced withdrawal syndrome in paragigantocellular (PGi) neurons in morphine- dependent rats was investigated. For inactivation of LC, 1 µl of lidocaine (2%) was used and for induction of withdrawal syndrome, naloxone hydrochloride (2 mg/kg) was injected systemically. The results showed that in dependent gr...

introduction: pain as a complex process in the cns has been extensively studied by many researchers. it has been found that pain is controlled by certain pathways in the cns, one of most important of which is the descending noradrenergic system. the pathway begins with locus coeruleus (lc) nucleus and ends in the spinal cord. in this study, formalin test was used as a chemical and tonic pain te...