Abstract Background Freezing of gait (FOG) is a particularly debilitating motor deficit seen in subset Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients that poorly responsive to standard levodopa therapy or deep brain stimulation (DBS) established PD targets such as the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna. The proposal DBS target midbrain, known pedunculopontine (PPN) address FOG, was based on its...

BACKGROUND The brainstem contains descending circuitry that can modulate nociceptive processing (neural signals associated with pain) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the medullary dorsal horn. In migraineurs, abnormal brainstem function during attacks suggest that dysfunction of descending modulation may facilitate migraine attacks, either by reducing descending inhibition or increasi...

The Writing in Early Mesopotamia (WEM) project endeavors to provide a comprehensive description of how the technology of cuneiform writing represented language. The project will investigate early cuneiform writing from the perspective of both language — how sound and meaning are systematically expressed diachronically and synchronically — and semiotics — the graphic organization and history of ...

I am interested in scripts, alphabets, writing systems, and in fonts, their computer representation. Ten years ago I decided to create Type 1 fonts for cuneiform, and last year, to extend them to Unicode OpenType versions. In my older Type 1 version (1998/9) [4] the raw text was written ‘by hand’ and then directly compiled into Type 1 with t1asm from t1utils [10]. The glyph set consisted of sev...

introduction: gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (gnih) is believed to be an inhibitor of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) secretion. the role of gnih in lactational inhibition of gonadotropin secretion is not well known therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lactation on expression of gnih in these nuclei of lactating and non-lactating rats. methods: ten postpa...

For almost 2,000 years, the Behistun Inscription lay unread. Carved into cliffs of western Iran and written in cuneiform, inscription had “baffled for centuries most learned men Europe” until Henry Rawlinson, a British former army officer, set about solving it. The riddle is story how knowledge created. It changed Westerners think past forever.