INTRODUCTION With the progression of substance dependence, drug cue-related brain activation is thought to shift from motivational towards habit pathways. However, a direct association between cue-induced brain activation and dependence duration has not yet been shown. We therefore examined the relationship between alcohol cue-reactivity in the brain, cue-induced subjective craving and alcohol ...

BACKGROUND In recent years, the confidential unit exclusion (CUE) option has been used to increase blood safety at blood transfusion centers in several countries. The epidemiologic characteristics of diseases and demographic characteristics of patients vary in different countries; therefore, we investigated whether the CUE option is useful in Iran. In this study, we determined the prevalences o...

In this study, we aimed to seek for the neural evidence of the inhibition control process in directed forgetting (DF). We adopted a modified item-method DF paradigm, in which four kinds of cues were involved. In some trials, the words were followed by only a forgetting (F) cue. In the other trials, after a word was presented, a maintenance (M) cue was presented, followed by an explicit remember...

Applying digestate, the residue from anaerobic digestion, to soil as a replacement for inorganic fertiliser is of growing interest in agriculture. However, impacts different fractions digestate on carbon (C) cycle remain unclear and provide focus research reported here. We examined effects applying whole (WD) solid (SD) dioxide (CO2C) efflux, concentrations dissolved organic (DOC), microbial b...

Soil microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE), described as the ratio of growth over total carbon (C) uptake, i.e. sum and respiration, is a key variable in all soil organic matter (SOM) models critical to ecosystem C cycling. However, there still lack consensus on CUE when estimated using different methods. Furthermore, significance many fundamental drivers remains largely unknown inconclusive, e...

Background: Previous studies have shown associations of physical fitness and cognition in children and in younger and older adults. However, knowledge about associations in high-school adolescents and young adults is sparse. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of physical fitness, measured as maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), muscle mass, weekly training, and ...

Auditory rhythms create powerful expectations for the listener. Rhythmic cues with same temporal structure as subsequent sentences enhance processing compared irregular or mismatched cues. In present study, we focus on syllable detection following matched rhythmic Cues were aligned at (low-level cue) accented (high-level level. A different group of participants performed task without to provide...

The authors examined the effect of specifying (cue) or not specifying (no cue) the cancellation cue for posthypnotic suggestion. Responding was indexed on formal, embedded, informal, and postexperimental tests. Thirty-six real, hypnotized participants and 20 simulating participants took part in an application of the real-simulating paradigm. Responding declined across the four tests. Real parti...

In daily life, we make decisions that are associated with probabilistic outcomes (e.g., the chance of rain today). People search for and utilize information that validly predicts an outcome (i.e., we look for dark clouds to indicate the possibility of rain). In the current study (N = 107), we present a two-stage learning task that examines how participants learn and utilize predictive informati...