Sea cucumbers play an important role in nutrient cycling of marine ecosystems by consuming sediments and moving sand, thus occupying a similar niche to earthworms in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of microbial diversity and functions associated with sea cucumbers is meager. Here, we isolated 141 bacterial strains under aerobic conditions using various media from the intestin...

Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) exposed to heavy metals. Acute toxicity values (96 h LC50) were 2.697, 0.133, and 1.574 mg L(-1) for Zn, Cu, and Cd, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: Cu > Cd > Zn. Under chronic metal exposure the specific growth rates of sea cucumbers decreased with the increase of metal concentration ...

In August 2014, PulseNet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport infections with an indistinguishable pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern (XbaI PFGE pattern JJPX01.0061). Outbreaks of illnesses associated with this PFGE pattern have previously been linked to consumption of toma...

Recent multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with fresh cucumbers underscore the importance understanding Salmonella behavior on under different conditions. This study developed mathematical models to predict survival four-strain cocktail whole at temperature and relative humidity (RH) The strains were Newport H1275 Stanley H0558 (sprout outbreaks), Montevideo G4639 (tomato outbreak)...

Erwinia tracheiphila is one of the most economically important pathogens of cucumbers, melons, squashes, pumpkins, and gourds in the northeastern and midwestern United States, yet its molecular pathology remains uninvestigated. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of an E. tracheiphila strain isolated from an infected wild gourd (Cucurbita pepo subsp. texana) plant. The genome assemb...

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis and combined herbs extracts on physiological immune characteristics, intestinal microbiota, vibriosis resistance sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The cucumbers were fed with basal diets supplemented B. (B group), (C or both (BC group). BC group exhibited better growth performance higher digestive enzyme activities, w...

Monitoring of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) content in agricultural products in Slovenia has been carried out since 1996. The results of monitoring over the period 1996-2002 are presented. During this time 924 samples of 14 different agricultural products (potato, lettuce, apples, carrot, silage maize, cabbage, grapes, peaches, string beans, cereals, pears, cucumbers, strawberries a...

Background: Sea cucumbers have number of one a pharmacological effects counting anticancer, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing. Biological properties therapeutic benefits can be connected to the presence wide cluster bioactive compounds particularly triterpene glycosides (saponins). Aims: The present study aimed explore hepatoprotective nephroprotective activity cu...

Sulfated fucans from echinoderms (sea cucumber and sea urchin) have a linear backbone of 1-->3-linked alpha-L-fucopyranose with some sulfate substitution at the 2- and 4-positions. NMR spectroscopy indicates that both polysaccharides have a tetrasaccharide repeat unit in which the separate residues differ only in the extent and position of their sulfate substitution. The sea urchin fucan has th...

The distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) derived from compost in soil–plant systems is a serious issue. One possible remedy the application biochar-containing compost. In this study, cucumber quality and abundance ARGs soil–cucumber under different treatments, namely, traditional pig manure corn straw (PC); manure, straw, large particle size biochar (5–10 mm) (PCLB); small (<2 ...