Serotype-cross-reactive dengue virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced during a primary dengue virus infection are thought to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) during a secondary dengue virus infection. Although there is no animal model of DHF, we previously reported that murine dengue virus-specific CTL responses are qualitatively similar to h...

We develop a generic framework to extend the logics LTL, CTL\(^+\) and CTL\(^*\) by automata-based connectives from formal language classes analyse this with regard regular languages, visibly pushdown languages (deterministic) context-free languages. More precisely, we consider how use of different automata changes expressive power provide algorithms for satisfiability model checking problems i...

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) subsets have distinct immunoregulatory functions. Th1 cytokine-induced BMDC (BMDC1), compared with Th2 cytokine-induced BMDC2, have superior activities for the differentiation and expansion of CTL. To evaluate the cellular interactions between dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells for the induction of CTL, BALB/c-derived BMDC subsets were cocultured with pur...

The CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is an important defence against viral invasion. Although CTL-mediated cytotoxicity has been widely studied for many years, the rate at which virus-infected cells are killed in vivo by the CTL response is poorly understood. To date the rate of CTL killing in vivo has been estimated for three virus infections but the estimates differ considerably, an...

In mixtures of two CTL of the type a anti-b and b anti-c, only the latter is lysed; i.e., killing is unidirectional. Here, we show that two profound types of changes occur in the effector CTL but not in the target CTL upon formation of couples between them. One is that the microtubule organizing center (and presumably the Golgi apparatus that is invariably colocalized with it) is reoriented ins...

Separation of cells by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity was utilized to investigate the physical properties of cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes (CTL) generated in long-term mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). In kinetic studies, CTL were found almost exclusively in the large cell fractions at the peak of the response on day 4, whereas the majority of CTL in day 14 MLC had the sedimentatio...

Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are thought to be responsible for the eradication of respiratory influenza virus infections by direct cytolysis of virus-infected epithelial cells. In this study, we provide evidence for a role for alveolar macrophages (AM) in the regulation of pulmonary virus-specific CTL responses. Prior to infection with influenza virus, AM were selectively elimin...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important immune effectors against intra-cellular pathogens. These cells search for infected cells and kill them. Recently developed experimental methods in combination with mathematical models allow for the quantification of the efficacy of CTL killing in vivo and, hence, for the estimation of parameters that characterize the effect of CTL killing on the targ...

A small group of HIV-1-infected subjects who either do not progress to AIDS or progress only slowly have sustained HIV-1-specific CTL responses. It has been suggested that the specificities of these responses differ from the CTL responses of rapid progressors due to recognition of epitopes that are under structural or functional constraints. We have, in this respect, studied the CTL response to...

We investigated here the effects of perforin on CTL responses during interaction of dendritic cells (DC) with cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Using MHC class I tetramers complexed with the immunodominant CTL epitope of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (LCMV-GP33), we followed the kinetics of DC-induced CTL responses. GP33-presenting DC induced rapid primary expansion of both...