A procedure for maximizing selective efficiency is developed for application to situations in which it is desired to select f rom a single group of applicants for several possible assignments. The problem of comparable units for the several cri teria whose values must be compared to each other for differential assignment purposes is discussed. I t is demonstrated that, assuming linear regressio...

In the present study we attempted to correlate the structure and function of the cry11a (72 kDa) and cry4a (135 kDa) proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis. Homology modeling and secondary structure predictions were done to locate most probable regions for finding helices or strands in these proteins. The JPRED (JPRED consensus secondary structure prediction server) secondary struct...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive soil bacterium, has been isolated from a range of habitats including soil, grain dust, phylloplane and dead insects. It is characterized by its ability to produce crystalline inclusions called ‘’endotoxin proteins” during sporulation. The crystalline inclusions (Cry and Cyt proteins), along with the spores, have a great potential to control a numbe...

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces Cry toxins against pest insects. proteins are conformed by domains related to pore formation and recognition of protein receptors. Plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR) is triggered due attack, it could be activated sp. Tecia solanivora (Ts) a potato pest, susceptible Cry1Ac Cry1B proteins. This paper indicates the endorsement Bt kurstaki HD-1 (BtkHD1) in ...

In plants and animals, cryptochromes function as either photoreceptors or circadian clock components. We have examined the cryptochrome from the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa and demonstrate that Neurospora cry encodes a DASH-type cryptochrome that appears capable of binding flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF). The cry transcript and CRY protein levels a...

cry (cryptochrome) is an important clock gene, and recent data indicate that it encodes a critical circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. A mutant allele, cry(b), inhibits circadian photoresponses. Restricting CRY expression to specific fly tissues shows that CRY expression is needed in a cell-autonomous fashion for oscillators present in different locations. CRY overexpression in brain pacemak...

An important concern with the use of genetically modified (GM) plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal toxins is deleterious effect on non–target organisms. The predatory stink bug Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) used in biological control programs and may be exposed to Bt toxins. This study evaluated indirect effects different Cry proteins P. prey Spod...

Drosophila melanogaster CRYPTOCHROME (CRY) mediates behavioral and electrophysiological responses to blue light coded by circadian and arousal neurons. However, spectroscopic and biochemical assays of heterologously expressed CRY suggest that CRY may mediate functional responses to UV-A (ultraviolet A) light as well. To determine the relative contributions of distinct phototransduction systems,...

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces Crystal (Cry) proteins that are toxic to a diverse range of insects. Transgenic crops that produce Bt Cry proteins are grown worldwide because of their improved resistance to insect pests. Although Bt "pyramid" cotton that produces both Cry1A and Cry2A is predicted to be more resistant to several lepidopteran pests, including Spodoptera exigua, than...

Transgenic corn and cotton expressing Cry and/or Vip3Aa proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been planted for managing lepidopteran coleopteran insect pests more than two decades in the U.S. Evolution of resistance to these Bt is a major threat continued efficacy technology. Understanding patterns cross-resistance dominance target insects essential management pest control. The bollwor...