This study examines whether pro-environmental behavior crowds-in (associates positively with) or crowds-out (displaces) political activism. research is part of a broader debate on the nature individual and it can be considered act. Studies generally show positive association between However, few have differentiated types behavior. In contrast, our uses Flemish survey data to examine relationshi...

Molecular crowding is ubiquitous within cells and affects many biological processes including protein-protein binding, enzyme activities and gene regulation. Here we revisit some generic effects of crowding using a combination of lattice simulations and reaction-diffusion simulations with the program ReaDDy. Specifically, we implement three reactions, simple binding, a diffusion-limited reactio...

This paper analyzes the effect of foreign presence on the growth and survival of domestic firms. I separate the two opposing effects that foreign firms are expected to have on domestic firms: a negative “market stealing or crowding out” effect and a positive “technology spillover” effect. Unlike previous studies, however, which analyzed the spillover question by estimating firm production funct...

This special issue of Journal of Vision is devoted to ‘‘Crowding,’’ a failure of object recognition. An object is ‘‘crowded’’ when clutter jumbles its appearance, making it impossible to identify. Clutter impairs perception of objects. As every child knows, Waldo is hard to find. Long-range effects of non-overlapping distractors can alter the appearance of an object, making it unrecognizable. A...

The genetic algorithm technique known as crowding preserves population diversity by pairing each offspring with a similar individual in the current population (pairing phase) and deciding which of the two will survive (replacement phase). The replacement phase of crowding is usually carried out through deterministic or probabilistic crowding, which have the limitations that they apply the same ...

Since China began reforming and opening up its economy, especially since the launch of development projects in western China, province A has attracted an increasing amount investment, which is main driving force for provincial economic growth. Hence, this study uses a state space model to examine how government investment affected growth explains whether there crowding-in effect or c...

Many protein functions can be directly linked to conformational changes. Inside cells, the equilibria and transition rates between different conformations may be affected by macromolecular crowding. We have recently developed a new approach for modeling crowding effects, which enables an atomistic representation of "test" proteins. Here this approach is applied to study how crowding affects the...

Perception of peripherally viewed shapes is impaired when surrounded by similar shapes. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "crowding". Although studied extensively for perception of characters (mainly letters) and, to a lesser extent, for orientation, little is known about whether and how crowding affects perception of other features. Nevertheless, current crowding models suggest that t...