The paper analyses cross-border co-operation with regard to its degree of formalization. Herewith, the focus is not on single cross-border organizations, but on the encompassing governance systems in the respective regions. That means that the specific combination of differently organized cross-border arrangements is analyzed. Cross-border governance systems are facing multiple governance chall...

The three brush-border enzymes--alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2)--are present in the urine of healthy persons in two variants, a particulate form and a soluble one. They can be separated by electrophoresis in agarose gel and by ultracentrifugation. The particulate forms exhibit similar electrophoretic mobility, b...

Abstract This article offers the justification for a type of carbon customs union in which countries with diverse range high-ambition domestic climate measures would adopt common external tariff on intensive imports from outside union. We explain why any pragmatic approach to border (CBMs) is likely create problems under prevailing interpretations World Trade Organization's (WTO) primary rules....

The primary objective of the present monograph is to determine causes and obtain model-based generalization long-term variability as magnitude structure traffic persons across boundaries Poland, in dependence upon economic, social geopolitical variables, well those associated with development infrastructure. This was achieved through realization partial objectives, having complementary cognitiv...