White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are innervated and regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). It is not clear, however, whether there are shared or separate central SNS outflows to WAT and BAT that regulate their function. We injected two isogenic strains of pseudorabies virus, a retrograde transneuronal viral tract tracer, with unique fluorescent reporters int...

A peer-to-peer complementary currency can be a powerful tool for promoting exchanges and building relationships for coordinated activities. i-WAT[11] is a proposed such currency usable on the Internet. It is based on the WAT System[15], a polycentric complementary currency using WAT tickets as its media of exchange: participants spontaneously issue and circulate the tickets as needed, whose val...

the effects of above and below-ground competition between chenopodium album and sugar beet (beta vulgaris) on growth, yield and quality of two sugar beet cultivars of morphologically contrasting growth habit have been investigated a factorial experiment (2 × 4) under glass-house conditions in a randomised complete block design with three replications was done. c. album and two sugar beet cultiv...

Samevatting Teen die agtergronbd van Clouser se tipering van ‘n “re li gious be lief” word allereers gelet op vier alternatiewe benaderings wat hy vermeld. Vervlgens word in die lig van moderne strominge in die wiskudne aandag geskenk aan die merkwaardige invloed wat Kant se “Kritiek van die Suiwere Rede” (1781) op divergerende standpunte in die 20ste eeu gehad het. Die intuisionistiese wiskund...

PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using IDEAL (Iterative Decomposition with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation) fat-water imaging and the resultant fat fraction metric in detecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice, and in differentiating BAT from white adipose tissue (WAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Excised WAT and BAT samples and whole-mice carcasses were imaged with a rapid t...

Insulin signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) is required for the inhibitory effect of insulin on glucose production. Our aim was to determine whether the CNS is also involved in the stimulatory effect of circulating insulin on the tissue-specific retention of fatty acid (FA) from plasma. In wild-type mice, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions stimulated the retention of both pl...

Obesity is recognized as a risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. White adipose tissue (WAT) is not only a static storage site for energy; it is also a dynamic tissue that is actively involved in metabolic reactions and produces humoral factors, such as leptin and adiponectin, which are collectively referred to as adipokines. Additionally,...