Vegetation is a climate modifier: It primary modifier, such as the Amazon rain forest, or secondary agricultural fields of Pannonian lowlands in Central Europe. At periods winter crop spring renewal and start orchard growing season, enhanced evapotranspiration shifts energy balance partitions from sensible toward latent heat flux. This surface flux alteration converges into boundary layer, it c...

UV-B radiation affects crop plants. Growing interest has been shown in studying the effectsof UV-B radiation exclusion on crops since 1993. This article summarized the generalconsequences of UV-B radiation exclusion on crop plants from the aspacts of plant morphology,growth and development. UV-B exlusion has promoting effects on plant height, internodeand leaf size. UV-B exclusion increases roo...

abstract this study was conducted under cold climate condition in khorasan during 2006-2008 growing seasons to evaluation of soil fertility in wheat-based double cropping systems under different rate of nitrogen and return of crop residues. a randomized complete block design with split-split plot arrangement and three replicates was used. main plots were five crop rotations namely: wheat-wheat,...

Orthomosics and digital surface models (DSM) derived from aerial imagery, acquired by consumer-grade cameras, have the potential for crop type mapping. In this study, a novel method was proposed for extracting the crop height from DSM and for evaluating the orthomosics and crop height for the identification of crop types (mainly corn, cotton, and sorghum). The crop height was extracted by subtr...

Crop yield is influenced over time and space, namely, by a wide range of variables linked with crop genetics, agronomic management practices and the environment under which the crop dynamically responds to maximize growth potential and survival. Such variability can pose substantial uncertainty and risks in the use of agricultural sustainability decision-making frameworks that include crop yiel...

An improved understanding of temporal and spatial variations in soil respiration is essential for measuring soil CO2 effluxes accurately. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal variability of soil respiration between adjacent crop rows in a soybean (Glycine max L.) field. Soil CO2 concentration, water content, and temperature at a 7.5 cm depth we...

In order to fully utilize remote sensing to inventory crop production, it is important to identify the factors that affect the accuracy of Landsat classifications. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of scene characteristics involving crop, soil, and weather variables on the accuracy of Landsat classifications of corn and soybeans. Segments sampling the U.S. Corn Belt were...

Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium is a severe problem in Southern China, where relatively high environmental temperatures commonly prevails during the crop seasons. Previous research has indicated that bacterial wilt disease incidence generally increases during the warm months of summer leading to reduced tomato yield. Moreover, the efficacy of bio-organic fertili...