Meta-discourse markers are an inevitable part of oral proficiency which improve both the quality and comprehension of learners’ speech. While studies of oral meta-discourse have been conducted since the 1980s in a European or US context, they have remained relatively untouched in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to seek the impact of both explicit and implicit teaching of formal meta-discourse...

“critical thinking” is a way of thinking and also is a title for an area ofknowledge stemmed from dewey in the philosophy of education. inthis article, after analyzing and criticizing some of the most notabledefinitions of critical thinking, we will show that most thinkersbelieve that critical thinking, as a general area of knowledge, ispossible. finally, arguing for the plausibility of the app...

This research can be seen as an activity in order to contribute towards the validity arguments of assessments. One aspect of validity is that the internal structure of any assessment should be consistent with that of its content domain. However, this notion is predicated upon having some working conception of the construct or content domain. The particular domain in question is that of Critical...

introduction: the current world needs people who have a lot of different abilities such as cognition and application of different ways of thinking, research, problem solving, critical thinking skills and creativity. in addition to critical thinking, learning styles is another key factor which has an essential role in the process of problem solving. this study aimed to determine the relationship...

The present study sought to investigate the effect of explicit instruction of lexical bundles (LBs) on the development of Iranian English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students’ writing quality and also their receptive and productive knowledge of Lexical Bundles (LB). Assigned to two experimental and control groups, the eighty participants took pre- and post-tests of writing tasks and the recepti...

The present study attempted to discover whether there is a significant relationship between EFL teachers' critical thinking ability and their teaching success.To this end, 113 Iranian male and female English teachers were required to fill out Watson Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal. Besides, their students were asked to answer the Characteristics of Successful EFL Teachers questionnaire. The ...

background: today, nurses are exposed to everchanging complicated conditions in health care services, they provide. to be able to cope with these conditions effectively, they should be competent decision makers. besides, as decision making conditions get more complicated, using critical thinking is a need. the current study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between critical thinking ...