The Two-Echelon Routing Problem constitutes a class of combinatorial optimization problems with applications in many different fields such as city logistic planning, intermodal transportation, postal and parcel delivery distribution systems and so on. This thesis contains: a survey of the main contributions related to the two-echelon routing, focusing on the Two-Echelon Location Routing Problem...

1. Summary 2 1.1 Uncertainty of input parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Availability of input parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Commodity handling patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Classification of methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Environmental, social and political pressures to limit the impacts associated with green house gas (GHG) emissions are mounting rapidly. To date there has been no or limited research which seeks to reduce emissions as the primary objective of a routing problem despite the fast growth and high impact of commercial vehicles. In the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW), it...

In this paper, we study a rich vehicle routing problem incorporating various complexities found in real-life applications. The General Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP) is a combined load acceptance and generalised vehicle routing problem. Among the real-life requirements are time window restrictions, a heterogeneous vehicle fleet with different travel times, travel costs and capacity, multi-dimen...

In this paper the Hybrid Vehicle Routing Problem (HVRP) is introduced and formalized. This problem is an extension of the classical VRP in which vehicles can work both electrically and with traditional fuel. The vehicle may change propulsion mode at any point of time. The unitary travel cost is much lower for distances covered in the electric mode. An electric battery has a limited capacity and...

I the small package shipping industry (as in other industries), companies try to differentiate themselves by providing high levels of customer service. This can be accomplished in several ways, including online tracking of packages, ensuring on-time delivery, and offering residential pickups. Some companies want their drivers to develop relationships with customers on a route and have the same ...

The subject of the thesis is to investigate the dynamic version of the well-known vehicle routing problem in order to improve the performance of existing algorithms as well as to develop new algorithms. I would like to express my gratitude to Transportrådet for their belief and interest in this project. Next, I would like to thank my thesis advisor, professor Oli B.G. Madsen, for his support an...

Abstract In this paper, a new variant of the electric vehicle (EV) routing problem, which considers heterogeneous EVs, partial recharge, and recycling, is investigated based on logistic companies' practical operation. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model proposed to formulate problem. For small-scale scenarios, commercial solver, e.g., CPLEX, leveraged. large-scale instances faced by...

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) in trees is a restriction of the general vehicle routing problem in which the underlying graph is a tree. In this paper, we introduce several NP-complete variants of the problem (e.g., common-source, common-destinations, in-place, flexiblerequests, and bring-it-back), and we present five fast approximation algorithms for these variants. We mainly focus on the 2...