Understanding the roots of current theoretical justifications for criminal punishment is crucial in evaluating its susceptibility to future change. In the American criminal justice system, the dominant justification for punishing individuals is that offenders have made a voluntary choice to break the law, thus validating the imposition of a societal sanction. However, recent discoveries in the ...

The Mark of a Criminal Record Over the past three decades, the number of prison inmates has increased by more than 500 percent, leaving the United States the country with the highest incarceration rate in the world. With over 2 million individuals currently incarcerated, and over half a million prisoners released each year, the large and growing numbers of men being processed through the crimin...

criminal policy is an interdisciplinary system consisting of several interactive nation-state subsystems that attempt to address serious crimes and deviances by managing criminal justice through organizing the relationships between criminal science and actors within the criminal justice system in both theoretical and practical settings. as an important element at the most strategic level of sof...

the criminal matters is one of the important achievements of modern human right. the mentioned concept is also the initiative of european court of human rights and one of the important elements of the implementation of article 6 of the european convention on human rights. one of the main results of recognizing this concept is the fact that administrative and disciplinary violations that may not...

the age of criminal responsibility of children in the islamic penalties act has been determined as religious bulugh (puberty) nasab. according to this, criminal authorities hold girls criminally liable and punishable at 9 complete lunar years and boys at 15 complete lunar years. unfortunately, our legislator has set criminal responsibility of children based on sexual maturity; therefore, thousa...