Vaccination considered as one of the most cost-effective health interventions worldwide  through prevention and control of many serious childhood diseases (1). It is estimated  global coverage of  Dose 3 of Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTP3)among children one year old has been 86% in 2014 (by range from 77% to 96%  in African Region and Western Pacific Region; respectively) (2). Globally...

Suppose sensors are deployed randomly in a long thin strip, and suppose each sensor can detect objects within a fixed distance. We say that the sensors achieve barrier coverage if there is no path across the strip that a small object can follow that avoids detection by the sensors. We give fairly precise results on the probability that barrier coverage is achieved as a function of the range of ...

Simulations run on sample circuits show that extremely high detection of bridging faults is possible using modifications of psuedo-exhaustive test sets. Real chips often contain bridging faults, and this research shows that stuck-at test sets are not sufficient for detecting such faults. The modified pseudo-exhaustive test sets are easy to generate and require little, or no, fault simulation. r...

The budgeted maximum coverage problem is: given a collection S of sets with associated costs deened over a domain of weighted elements, and a budget L, nd a subset of S 0 S such that the total cost of sets in S 0 does not exceed L, and the total weight of elements covered by S 0 is maximized. This problem is NP-hard. For the special case of this problem, where each set has unit cost, a (1 ? 1 e...

This survey tries to give an account of what type of trends exist today in software reuse and testing. The focus was to try to find out how developers use different tools today and what tools are lacking, especially in the field of reuse and testing. The population came from different types of communities and organizations, to better give us a generalized picture of today’s developers. We found...

This paper mainly provides one new nature inspired Energy Conversation Optimization (ECO) method tosearch for the optimal sensor position of sensor network in the typical tunnels, fully covering the tunnel anddynamically locating the high-speed train in the tunnel. Firstly, one objective of this study is to briefly intro-duce the framework of transmitting the sensor’s data in th...

CSTP (Circular Self Test Path) is an attractive technique for testing sequential circuits in the nanometer era because it can easily provide at-speed test. But the area overhead of CSTP is high if random-pattern-resistant faults need to be reliably tested. This paper presents a deterministic CSTP (DCSTP) structure that embeds pre-computed test data with predictable area overhead. Experimental r...