Objectives: The present study aimed to provide an estimation of the current financial burden of renal transplantation therapy for insurance organisations.Methods: An Excel-based model was developed to determine the treatment costs of current clinical practice in renal transplantation therapy (RTT). Inputs were derived from Ministry of Health and insurance organizations` database, hospital and p...

In this paper, a bi-objective model is proposed for designing a pre-positioning network of pharmaceutical supplies considering their limited shelf-life. The presented model aims to consider both cost efficiency and responsiveness by minimization of total cost and the maximum amount of unmet demand under uncertainties in demand and supply sides’ data. Moreover, for effective distribution of reli...

In this paper we develop an inventory model, to determine the optimal ordering quantities, for a set of two substitutable deteriorating items. In this inventory model the inventory level of both items depleted due to demands and deterioration and when an item is out of stock, its demands are partially fulfilled by the other item and all unsatisfied demand is lost. Each substituted item incurs a...

a comprehensive and integrated study of any supply chain (sc) environment is a vital requirement that can create various advantages for the sc owners. this consideration causes productive managing of the sc through its whole wide components from upstream suppliers to downstream retailers and customers.  on this issue, despite many valuable studies reported in the current literature, considerabl...

this paper has revised the combined model of chan & qi with supply chain operations reference (scor) .this combined model with hierarchical structure, has three levels and seven criteria that some criteria are quantitative (cost, use of source) and others of them are qualitative (quality, flexibility, tangible, validity and innovation). in order to improvement of this model, this paper has comb...

There is no clear relationship between the cost, price, and value of enterprise software. This apparently simple fact has involved the buyers and sellers of enterprise software in expensive contract management and acrimonious negotiation, and put IT strategy at risk of short-term tactical purchasing decisions.

Typically, services are co-created by service provider and customer. This paper describes an approach to account the full costs of a service considering costs at the provider side as well as on the customer side resulting in a more accurate cost model. Depending on the level of integration of provider and customer, explicit modeling of uncertainty is used to reflect the uncertainty about custom...