one of the important issues in the field of organizational decisions is determine the optimal time of use the equipment. managers should take proper decision to repair, rebuild or replace the equipment, so that the greatest benefit and the least cost to the organization. in the military, moving units, items, equipment and manpower, is the part of the logistics system mission. in this regard, th...

one of the important issues in transportation and logistics systems is vehicle routing problem (vrp). the vehicle routing problem is concerned with finding efficient routes of minimum total cost, beginning and ending at a central depot, for a fleet of vehicles to serve a number of customers. on the other hand, as a result of the increasing environmental concerns, economic problems and pressure ...

ISSUES Many policy review articles have concluded that alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) is both cost-effective and cost-beneficial. Yet a recent cost-effectiveness review for the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence suggests that these conclusions may be premature. APPROACH This article offers a brief synopsis of the various types of economic an...

during the implementation, construction projects usually encounter situation that considerably affects the project scheduling and cost. this study aims at using an improved version of the harmony search algorithm (hsa) to schedule resource constrained construction projects. this model is formulated as a global optimization problem. it will determine the duration of each activity to minimize the...

China is a country which has the largest investment amount in engineering construction in the world and which has the most construction projects. It is a significant subject for the extensive engineering managers to have effective engineering cost management in construction project management and to reasonably determine and control construction cost on the condition of ensuring construction qua...

Thisarticle first reviews the history of political science teaching in Europebefore going on to consider a range of recent developments in the teaching of politicalscience, including cross-national joint programmers; technologically enhancedlearning; placement learning and problem-based learning. The last sectionconsiders a range of issues facing political science teachers, includingfinancial p...